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[主观题]

Robots could fill the jobs of 3.5 million people in Japan by 2025, a thinktank says, helpi

ng to avert worker shortages as the countrys population shrinks. Japan faces a 16 percent slide in the size of its workforce by 2030 while the number of elderly will mushroom, the government estimates, raising worries about who will do the work in a country unused to, and unwilling to contemplate large-scale immigration. The thinktank, the Machine Industry Memorial Foundation, says robots could help fill the gaps, ranging from microsized capsules that detect lesions to high-tech vacuum cleaners. Rather than each robot replacing one person, the foundation said in a report that robots could make time for people to focus on more important things-Japan could save 2.1 trillion yen (10.4 billion pounds) of elderly insurance payments in 2025 by using robots that monitor the health of older people, so they dont have to rely on human nursing care, the foundation said in its report. Caregivers would save more than an hour a day if robots helped look after children, older people and did some housework, it added. Robotic duties could include reading books out loud or helping bathe the elderly.

答案

日本一智囊机构指出到2025年机器人将填补日本350万个职位空缺这将有利于缓解该国因人口萎缩而造成的劳动力不足问题。据日本政府估计随着老龄人口的迅速增加到2030年日本劳动力将减少16%这对一个不习惯也不愿意大规模引入移民的国家来说。情况不禁令人担忧谁来填补这个劳动力空缺呢? 智囊机构“机器产业纪念基金会”说.机器人可以来帮忙——小到可探测损伤的微型胶囊大至高科技真空吸尘器。该机构在一份报告中称让机器人参与人类劳动并不是机器人和人类个体之间一对一的替代.而是让机器人为人们腾出时间去做更重要的事。该机构在报告中说如果用机器人代替护理人员来看护老人那么在2025年日本政府可以节省2.1万亿日元(104亿英镑)的养老保险费用。
机器人能代替人的劳动。本段文字以事实和数字说话,行文客观严谨,翻译当以信为本,同时注意专业术语的表达。2、第1段第1句的asthecountry’spopulationshrinks根据汉语先因后果的行文习惯前置翻译。3、第2句中的thegovernmentestimates作插入语,与英语中其他表示信息来源的插入语一样,翻译时根据汉语习惯置于句首,如第1段第1句的athinktanksays;mush—room意为“迅速增加”,与slide(减少)形成对比,译文需体现这种逻辑关系。4、第2句插入语前面部分与后面部分在深层语义上构成因果关系,翻译时需理清脉络,并据此调整语序。从句whowilldothework如果翻译时置于worries前,合译成“…的忧虑,”则略显呆板,而将其独立还原成真正的问句“谁来填补这个劳动力空缺呢?”则加强了表达效果。5、掌握英语构词法知识可帮助推测生词词义,如第2段第1句的microsized,可由micro“极微小的”和size“尺寸,大小”,推知其义为“微型的”,thinktank“智囊团”和high—tech(高科技)的词义亦可据此法加以判断。6、第2段第2句承上启下,故增译了“让机器人参与人类劳动”;eachrobotreplacingoneperson译为“机器人和人类个体之间一对一的替代”更符合汉语表达习惯。7、第2段第3句的byusingrobots在深层语义上表示假设,译文用“如果”明示这种关系,并据此调整全句语序。

更多“Robots could fill the jobs of 3.5 million people in Japan by 2025, a thinktank says, helpi”相关的问题

第1题

___you please fill in the__ ?

A.Could,registration from

B.Would , registration from

C.Can ID card

D.Did,registration form

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第2题

The sentence "the wheat could not be full in the ear" in the last paragraph probably means
that______.

A.the waving of the wheat could not be heard fully through the ear

B.the wheat could not bear good fruit

C.Wang Lung' s ear was full of the sound of wheat

D.the wheat could not fill the ear of people

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第3题

听力原文:W: Could you fill it up with the unleaded?M: Sure. Do you want me to check under

听力原文:W: Could you fill it up with the unleaded?

M: Sure. Do you want me to check under the hood?

Q: What kind of work does the man do?

(18)

A.He is a plumber.

B.He is a dentist.

C.He is a gas station attendant.

D.He is an engineer.

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第4题

听力原文:We are now living in a world in which robots are taking over much of the work.Rob

听力原文: We are now living in a world in which robots are taking over much of the work.Robots make our cars, fly our planes and work out wages.

But these robots are not mechanical men and women.They do not look like us.They are machines specially built to do some of the things that human beings can.

Although they may not look like us,robots need some human features in order to be able to do human work.First of all they need some kind of brain.Their "brain" is a computer,which has a memory to human member instructions and ability to control other equipment.Another essential feature of many robots is an arm that can do the kind of things that human beings can with their arms.One-armed robots are now coming into widespread use in industry.They are being used,for example,on car assembly lines.

The great advantage of robots over human workers is that they can work non-stop for long periods. They never get tired,and always work with the same accuracy.They can also work in conditions that humans could not bear.Last but not least,as more robots are built,their cost will come down.

Although robots are rapidly taking over many jobs in industry, they seem a long way from taking over in the home. The problem is that it would take a very complex and costly robot to perform. half the tasks involved in housework.

According to the speaker,what can the present-day robots do?

A.Drive cars.

B.Fly planes.

C.Pay wages.

D.Repair machines.

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第5题

What do we learn about the class action suit against Google?A.It ended in a victory for th

What do we learn about the class action suit against Google?

A.It ended in a victory for the Authors Guild of America.

B.It could lead to more out-of-court settlements of such disputes.

C.It failed to protect the interests of American publishers.

D.It was settled after more than two years of negotiation.

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第6题

Ordinary people seldom borrowed money from banks in the past because ________.A) th

Ordinary people seldom borrowed money from banks in the past because ________.

A) the bank buildings looked forbidding

B) they were comparatively rich before the war

C) they thought it was not proper to be in debt

D) they rarely spent more than they could earn

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第7题

It can be inferred from the passage that scientists of the 18th century ____ A) th

It can be inferred from the passage that scientists of the 18th century ____

A) thought that they knew a great deal and could solve most problems of science

B) were afraid of facing up to the realities of scientific research

C) knew that they were ignorant and wanted to know more about nature

D) did more harm than good in promoting man’s understanding of nature

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第8题

Film is a medium that might have been especially made for America, a vast country which, b
y the beginning of the twentieth century, had a large【C1】______ population, many of whom could【C2】______ speak English. These people would have had【C3】______ use for theater,【C4】______ they lived within easy distance of one, or【C5】______ most of the books they could buy【C6】______ they did not have enough English. But the movies--the silent movies—these they could all understand, so【C7】______ America had more than any European country was a huge【C8】______ audience, a large proportion of them pretty un educated. And what these people wanted were【C9】______ stories in which,【C10】______ the fact they couldn't understand the captions, the action【C11】 ______ all. In feeding the growing demand for【C12】______ entertainment, America was【C13】______ helped by the First World War. Between 1914 and 1918 the making of films was not exactly high on the list of any European country's priorities. Films【C14】______ be made but not to the same extent as before, and to fill the gap in foreign【C15】______ , America had to【C16】______ its own production. By the end of the decade,【C17】______ Hollywood now firmly established【C18】______ the center of the industry, America was well【C19】______ its way to【C20】______ the world market.

【C1】

A.emigrant

B.immigrant

C.alien

D.foreign

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第9题

When Elon Musk says, as he did this week, that his new priority is using artificial inte
lligence to build domestic robots, we should not only take note, but look forward to the day we can put our legs up in admiration.

Mr. Musk is a guy who gets things done. The founder of two “moonshot” tech companies, Tesla Motors and SpaceX, is bringing electric vehicles to mass market and 26 humans to live on other planets. Lest this strike the amateur techie—not that readers of The Independent would ever count among them—as so much hot air, you can be reassured that the near $13bn (£8.8bn) fortune this entrepreneur has 27 comes from practical achievements rather than hypothetical ones.

A lot of clever people are 28 about artificial intelligence, fearing that robots will one day become so 29 they’ll murder all of us. These fears are mostly 30 : as with hysteria about genetic modification, we humans are generally wise enough to manage these problems with alacrity and care.

And just think of how wonderful it would be if you had a live-in robot. It could — 31 — be like having a babysitter and masseuse rolled into one — or, if that required 32 intelligence beyond the ken of Mr. Musk’s imagined machine, at least some one to chop the carrots, wash the car and mow the lawn. Once purchased and trained, this would allow the 33 user to save money and time, freeing up 34 space in our busy lives to, for instance, read The Independent.

That is why we welcome Mr. Musk’s latest 35 , and wish him well. As long as robots add to the sum of human happiness, reduce suffering or cumbersome activity, and create time to read world-class journalism, The Independent will be their fans. Especially since journalism is one job robots will never do.

A) amassed

B) casual

C) emotional

D) enabling

E) eventually

F) exaggerated

G) extravagant

H) generously

I) misleading

J) precious

K) reward

L) smart

M) sphere

N) terrified

O) venture

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第10题

Trust Me, I'm a Robot With robots now emerging from their industrial cages and moving into

Trust Me, I'm a Robot

With robots now emerging from their industrial cages and moving into homes and workplaces, roboticists are concerned about the safety implications beyond the factory floor. To address these concerns, leading robot experts have come together to try to find ways to prevent robots from harming people. Inspired by the Pugwash Conferences—an international group of scientists, academies and activists founded in 1957 to campaign for the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons the new group of robo-ethicists met earlier this year in Genoa, Italy, and announced their initial findings in March at the European Robotics Symposium in Palermo, Sicily.

"Security and safety are the big concerns," says Henrik Christensen, chairman of the European Robotics Network at the Swedish Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm. Should robots that are strong enough or heavy enough to crush people be allowed into homes? Is "system malfunction" a justifiable defence for a robotic fighter plane that contravenes (违反) the Geneva Convention and mistakenly fires on innocent civilians?

"These questions may seem hard to understand but in the next few years they will become increasingly relevant," says Dr. Christensen. According to the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe's World Robotics Survey, in 2002 the number of domestic and service robots more than tripled, nearly surpassing their industrial counterparts. By the end of 2003 there were more than 600,000 robot vacuum cleaners and lawn mowers—a figure predicted to rise to more than 4m by the end of next year. Japanese industrial firms are racing to build humanoid robots to act as domestic helpers for the elderly, and South Korea has set a goal that 100% of house holds should have domestic robots by 2020. In light of all this, it is crucial that we start to think about safety guidelines now, says Dr. Christensen.

Stop right there

So what exactly is being done to protect us from these mechanical menaces? "Not enough," says Blay Whitby. This is hardly surprising given that the field of "safety-critical computing" is barely a decade old, he says. But things are changing, and researchers are increasingly taking an interest in trying to make robots safer. One approach, which .sounds simple enough, is try to pro gram them to avoid contact with people altogether. But this is much harder than it sounds. Get ting a robot to navigate across a cluttered room is difficult enough without having to take into account what its various limbs or appendages might bump into along the way.

"Regulating the behaviour of robots is going to become more difficult in the future, since they will increasingly have self-learning mechanisms built into them," says Gianmarco Veruggio. "As a result, their behaviour will become impossible to predict fully," he says, "since they will not be behaving in predefined ways but will learn new behaviour as they go."

Then there is the question of unpredictable failures. What happens if a robot's motors stop working, or it suffers a system failure just as it is performing heart surgery or handing you a cup of hot coffee? You can, of course, build in redundancy by adding backup systems, says Hirochika Inoue. But this guarantees nothing, he says. "One hundred per cent safety is impossible through technology," says Dr. Inoue. This is because ultimately no matter how thorough you are, you can not anticipate the unpredictable nature of human behaviour, he says. Or to put it another way, no matter how sophisticated your robot is at avoiding people, people might not always manage to avoid it, and could end up tripping over it and falling down the stairs.

Legal problems

In any case, says Dr. Inoue, the laws really just summarize commonsense principles that are already applied to the design of most modern appliances, both domestic and industr

A.The non-proliferation of nuclear weapons.

B.Safe robots in all aspects of life.

C.Robot-ethics in the new century.

D.Restrie6on on the use of robots as a weapon.

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第11题

Trust Me, I'm a RobotWith robots now emerging from their industrial cages and moving into

Trust Me, I'm a Robot

With robots now emerging from their industrial cages and moving into homes and workplaces, roboticists are concerned about the safety implications beyond the factory floor. To address these concerns, leading robot experts have come together to try to find ways to prevent robots from harming people. Inspired by the Pugwash Conferences—an international group of. scientists, academics and activists founded in 1957 to campaign for the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons—the new group of robo-ethicists met earlier this year in Genoa, Italy, and announced their initial findings in March at the European Robotics Symposium in Palermo, Sicily.

"Security and safety are the big concerns," says Henrik Christensen, chairman of the European Robotics Network at the Swedish Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm. Should robots that are strong enough or heavy enough to crush people be allowed into homes? Is "system malfunction" a justifiable defence for a robotic fighter plane that contravenes(违反) the Geneva Convention and mistakenly fires on innocent civilians?

These questions may seem hard to understand but in the next few years they will become increasingly relevant, says Dr. Christensen. According to the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe's World Robotics' Survey, in 2002 the number of domestic and service robots more than tripled, nearly surpassing their industrial counterparts. By the end of 2003 there were more than 600,000 robot vacuum cleaners and lawn mowers—a figure predicted to rise to more than 4m by the end of next year. Japanese industrial firms are racing to build humanoid robots to act as domestic helpers for the elderly, and South Korea has set a goal that 100% of households should have domestic robots by 2020. In light of all this, it is crucial that we start to think about safety guidelines now, says Dr. Christensen.

Stop right there

So what exactly is being done to protect us from these mechanical menaces? "Not enough," says Blay Whitby. This is hardly surprising given that the field of "safety-critical computing" is barely a decade old, he says. But things are changing, and researchers are increasingly taking an interest in trying to make robots safer. One approach, which sounds simple enough, is try to program them to avoid contact with people altogether. But this is much harder than it sounds. Getting a robot to navigate across a cluttered room is difficult enough without having to take into account what its various limbs or appendages might bump into along the way.

Regulating the behaviour of robots is going to become more difficult in the future, since they will increasingly have self-learning mechanisms built into them, says Giamnarco Veruggio. As a result, their behaviour will become impossible to predict fully, he says, since they will not be behaving in predefined ways but will learn new behaviour as they go.

Then there is the question of unpredictable failures. What happens if a robot's motors stop working, or it suffers a system failure just as it is performing heart surgery or handing you a cup of hot coffee? You can, of course, build in redundancy by adding backup systems, says Hirochika Inoue. But this guarantees nothing, he says. "One hundred per cent safety is impossible through technology," says Dr. Inoue. This is because ultimately no matter how thorough you are, you cannot anticipate the unpredictable nature of human behaviour, he says. Or to put it another way, no matter how sophisticated your robot is at avoiding people, people might not always manage to avoid it, and could end up tripping over it and falling down the stairs.

Legal problems

In any case, says Dr. Inoue, the laws really just summarize commonsense principles that are already applied to the design of most modern appliances, both domestic and industrial. Every toaster, l

A.Y

B.N

C.NG

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