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Bille's lenses are expected to reach the market in the year 2000, and one tentative plan is to use the Internet to transmit information on patients' visual defects from the optician to the manufacturer, who will then produce and mail the contact lenses within a couple of days.
答案
比尔的眼睛希望在2000年上市，初步计划是利用因特网把患者的视力缺陷信息从眼镜商传到制造商，然后，制造商在两三天内制作好并将其寄出。
更多“Bille's lenses are expected to reach the market in the year 2000, and one tentati”相关的问题
第1题
The final goal of designing a lens is______.
A．to trap the opponent's lenses
B．to focus light with lenses
C．to hand-make lenses at low cost
D．to reflect light by means of curved surfaces
第2题
The lens designer has one enormous advantage over the chess player: the designer is free to call on any available source of help to guide him through the staggering number of possibilities. Most of that help once came from mathematics and physics, but recently computer technology, information theory, chemistry, industrial engineering and psychophysics have all contributed to making the lens designer's job immeasurably more productive. Some of the lenses on the market today were inconceivable a decade ago. Others whose design is as much as a century out can now be mass-produced at low cost. With the development of automatic production methods, lenses are made by the millions, both out of glass and out of plastics. Today's lenses are better than the best lenses used by the great photographers of the past. Moreover, their price may lower, in spite of the fact that 19th-century craftsmen worked for only a few dollars a week and today's lenses are more complex. The lens designer cannot fail to be grateful for the science and technology that have made his work easier and his creations more widely available, but he is also humbled: it is no longer practical for a fine photographic lens to be designed from beginning to end by a single human mind.
Lens design and chess playing are similar in that______.
A．the final goal and the means by which it can be reached are known
B．perfect solutions to a problem can be found
C．any one decision at any point along the way to the goal can bring numerous possible results
D．both A and C
第3题
Designing a lens can be compared to playing chess. In chess a player tries to trap his opponent's king in a series of moves. In creating a lens a lens designer attempts to “trap” light by forcing all the rays arising from a single point in the subject to focus on a single point in the image, as a consequence of their passing through a series of transparent(透明的) elements with precisely curved surfaces. Since in both cases the ultimate goal and the means by which it can be attained are known, one is tempted to think there will be a single best decision at any point along the way. The number of possible consequences flowing from any one decision is so large, however, as to bevirtually, if not actually, infinite. Therefore in lens design, as inchess, perfect solutions to a problem are beyond reach. Although this article will be concerned only with the design of photographic lenses, the same principles apply to all lenses.
The lens designer has one enormous advantage over the chess player: the designer is free to call on any available source of help to guide him through the staggering number of possibilities. Most of that help once came from mathematics and physics, but recently computer technology, information theory,chemistry, industrial engineering and psychophysics have all contributed to making the lens designer's job immeasurably more productive. Some of the lenses on the market today were inconceivable a decade ago. Others whose design is as much as a century old can now be massproduced at low cost. With the development of automatic production methods, lenses are made by the millions, both out of glass and out of plastics. Today's lenses are better than the best lenses used by the great photographers of the past.Moreover, their price may lower, in spite of the fact that 19thcentury craftsmen worked for only a few dollars a week and today's lenses are more complex. The lens designer cannot fail to be grateful for the science and technology that have made his work easier and his creations more widely available, but he is also humbled: it is no longer practical for a fine photographic lens to be designed from beginning to end by a single human mind.
Lens design and chess playing are similar in that ____
A) the final goal and the means by which it can be reached are known
B) perfect solutions to a problem can be found
C) any one decision at any point along the way to the goal can bring numerous possible results
D) both A and C
根据阅读材料回答问题。本题为单选题，请给出正确答案及解析，谢谢！
第4题
Biological Mimicry
The Invention of Velcro
After taking his dog for a walk one day in the early 1940s, George de Mestral, a Swiss inventor, became curious about the seeds of the burdock plant that had attached themselves to his clothes and to the dog's fur. Under a microscope, he looked closely at the hook-and-loop system that the seeds have evolved to hitchhike on passing animals and aid pollination, and he realised that the same approach could be used to join other things together. The result was Velcro, a product that was arguably more than three billion years in the making, since that is how long the natural mechanism that inspired it took to evolve.
Velcro is probably the most famous and certainly the most successful example of biological mimicry, or "biomimetics". In. fields from robotics to materials science, tech nologists are increasingly borrowing ideas from nature, and with good reason: nature's designs have, by definition, stood the test of time, so it would be foolish to ignore them. Yet transplanting natural designs into man-made technologies is still a hit-or-miss affair.
"Engineers depend on biologists to discover interesting mechanisms for them to exploit," says Julian Vincent, the director of the Centre for Biomimetic and Natural Technologies at the University of Bath in England. So he and his colleagues have been working on a scheme to enable engineers to bypass the biologists and tap into nature's ingenuity directly, via a database of "biological patents". The idea is that this database will let anyone search through a wide range of biological mechanisms and properties to find natural solutions to technological problems.
The Power of Biomimetics
Surely human intellect, and the deliberate application of design knowledge, can devise better mechanisms than the mindless, random process of evolution？ Over billions of years of trial and error, nature has devised effective solutions to all sorts of complicated real-world problems. Take the slippery task of controlling a submersible vehicle, for example. Using propellers, it is incredibly difficult to make refined movements. But Nekton Research, a company based in Durham, North Carolina, has developed a robot fish called Madeleine that man oeuvres using fins instead.
In some cases, engineers can spend decades inventing and perfecting a new technology, only to discover that nature beat them to it. The Venus flower basket, for example, a kind of deep-sea sponge, has spiny skeletal outgrowths that are remarkably similar, both in appearance and optical properties, to commercial optical fibres, notes Joanna Aizenberg, a researcher at Lucent Technology's Bell Laboratories in New Jersey. And sometimes the systems found in nature can make even the most advanced technologies look primitive by comparison, she says.
The skeletons of brittle stars, which are sea creatures related to starfish and sea urchins (海胆), contain thousands of tiny lenses that collectively form. a single, distributed eye. This enables brittle stars to escape predators and distinguish between night and day. Besides having unusual optical properties and being very small-- each is just one twentieth of a millimetre in diameter —the lenses have another trick of particular relevance to micro-optical systems. Although the lenses are fixed in shape, they are connected via a network 0f fluid-filled channels, containing a light-absorbing pigment. The creature can vary the contrast of the lenses by controlling this fluid. The same idea can be applied in man-made lenses, says Dr Aizenberg. "These are made from silicon and so cannot change their properties," she says. But by copying the brittle star's fluidic system, she has been able to make biomimetic lens arrays with the same flexibility.
Another demonstration of the power of biomimetics comes from the gecko(壁虎). This lizard's ability to wal
A．Y
B．N
C．NG
第5题
Scientists think that by the year 2000, _______.
A．people will generally improve their hearing
B．people will have worse hearing
C．people will wear contact lenses and hearing aids as well
D．people wearing hearing aids will outnumber those wearing contact lenses
第6题
听力原文：M: Did you take these pictures.'？ They're very good.
W: Yes, I think they turned out well too. I like to take my camera with me wherever I go. That way, if I see something interesting, I can snap a picture of it.
M: Carrying a big camera around is too much trouble for me.
W: My camera is really small, though. Here let me show you.
M: That is a compact camera, but you really must know a lot about photography to get such professional looking results.
W: Not necessarily, this camera is simple to operate.
M: Does this model come with flash attachment for indoor shots？
W: Better than that. It has a built-in electronic flash and an automatic focus too. I don't even have to worry about focusing.
M: That's what I need when I take pictures. They usually come out blurry because I don't adjust the lenses properly and I hate photos that are out of focus. Is a camera like yours very expensive？
W: Less than you'd expect. Why don't you check the prices at Hatfield's down the street？ This model was on sale there last week.
(23)
A．He has a professional photographer take pictures for him.
B．He doesn't think he knows enough about film processing.
C．He doesn't have a flash attachment.
D．He thinks a big camera would be too much trouble.
第7题
听力原文： Hundreds of species of marine life manage to survive even in the darkest depths of the ocean. These tenants of the sea have evolved some extremely ingenious devices for locating their food and enemies.
Where the light is very dim, some of these deepwater species have developed enormous eyes with almost telescopic lenses, very much like those of owls. Others, especially the fish that survive where there is no light at all, are quite blind but have developed long feelers that enable them to identify and collect stray bits of food that come within a considerable radius of them.
Some inhabitants of the sea supply their own light. They have built-in torches that they can switch on and off, depending on whether they are pursuing or being pursued. Some have regular lamps, spots of steady light, which spread a faint glow through the water around them. One deepwater squid (鱿鱼) can spray a luminous fluid that lights up its immediate vicinity, a neat variation on the ink ejected by its cousins nearer the surface to becloud and darken the water. It is supposed that about half of the varieties of fish living in the dark depths of the ocean have some power of illumination.
(30)
A．Supply their own light.
B．Locate food and enemies.
C．Compensate for the lack of light.
D．Both B and C.
