She set out soon after dark ___ home an hour later.

She will soon find out that real life ____________________ (很少会像广告描述的那样简单).

From Golda: the Life of Israel's Prime Minister

The Struggle with Her Parents over Her Education

When Golda graduated as valedictorian (致告别辞的毕业生代表) of her class, her mother was elated. Now the girl could work full-time in the grocery store. Even in America gifts were not expected to go to high school!

Golda, however, expected to go. And after some tearful arguments, her parents agreed. Papa had, for once, sided with her-albeit rather faintly. Perhaps he felt guilty that he, the breadwinner, actually earned so little. He was a wise, gentle, and scholarly man, but not cut out for business...

She had decided to become a teacher because such a profession was "intellectually and socially useful". Mama, however, had found out that married women were not permitted to teach in local schools. "You want to be mi old maid？" she screamed at Golda, "That's what you're studying for？"

Papa now sided strongly with Mama. Either Golda must quit school and go to work like other sensible gifts her age, or she must transfer to a business school to be trained in subjects which would help her get a job and, who knows, a husband too...

After running away from home and living with her married sister in Denver for two years, Golda won this battle too. She returned to Milwaukee to finish high school.

Golda's Determination for a Jewish Homeland

Golda was still in high school when the First World War broke out in Europe. And with the war came dire reports of increased programmes. The Jewish Pale of Settlement lay, unfortunately, in the every territory where Russian and German-Austrian armies clashed most often in violent battle. When the White Russian Army fled in retreat, they slaughtered Jews in that section for being German sympathizers. When the Russians swept back and Germans fled from the same section, they murdered Jews for being Russian spies.

The White Russian armies and their bitter opponents, the Germans, seemed to agree on one tenet only: anti-Semitism. And they had ample opportunities for carrying out their battle cry: death to the Jews. Of the ten million Jews in Europe, eight million lived in the Russian and Austro Hungarian empires.

Millions of Jews were rendered homeless. Committees were organized to raise funds for the ever-swelling ranks of Jewish refugees who fled from one town to the next, trying to keep out of the way of the armies. Golda worked with the People's Relief and with an organization called Aid in Need, formed by Jewish workers in Milwaukee to help hungry and homeless European Jews...

She felt broken apart inside. For nights she could not sleep. What good did it do, running around, making speeches, collecting money for a new generation of suffering, displaced, wandering Jews？ There had been a better answer than this. There had to be one place in the world where Jews could at last be free from persecution. There had to be a Jewish homeland. And it must be created as soon as possible. All her beliefs suddenly solidified into one single purpose. As soon as she could, she would go to Palestine and devote her life to this goal. She joined Poale Zion, the Labour Zionist Party.

Golda's Talent as a Speaker

She set about making money for her passage to Palestine. She worked part-time at the Sixteenth Street and North Avenue branch of the Milwaukee Public Library. In the spring of 1916 she graduated.... She entered Milwaukee Normal School for Teachers and took a part-time job at a Yiddish-speaking folk school which advocated Labour Zionism. But even this seemed too far removed from her goal. So she started speaking for the Labour Zionists' Poale Zion.

The organization soon discovered that the eighteen-year-old girl had a remarkable talent as a speaker. They sent her on speaking engagements around the country. Her mission: to try to stir the complacen

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

The Science of Lasting Happiness

The day I meet Sonja Lyubomirsky, she keeps getting calls from her Toyota Prius dealer. When she finally picks up, she is excited by the news: she can buy the car she wants in two days. Lyubomirsky wonders if her enthusiasm might come across as materialism, but I understand that she is buying an experience as much as a possession. Two weeks later, in late January, the 40-year-old Lyubomirsky, who smiles often and seems to approach life with zest and good humor, reports that she is "totally loving the Prius." But will the feeling wear off soon after the new-car smell, or will it last, making a naturally happy person even more so？

The Possibility of Lasting Happiness

An experimental psychologist investigating the possibility of lasting happiness, Lyubomirsky understands far better than most of us the folly of pinning our hopes on a new car—or on any good fortune that comes our way. We tend to adapt, quickly returning to our usual level of happiness. The classic example of such "hedonic adaptation"(享乐适应) comes from a 1970s study of lottery winners, who a year after their windfall(意外横财)ended up no happier than nonwinners. Hedonic adaptation helps to explain why even changes in major life circumstances—such as income, marriage, physical health and where we live—do so little to boost our overall happiness. Not only that, but studies of twins and adoptees have shown that about 50 percent of each person's happiness is determined from birth. This "genetic set point" alone makes the happiness glass look half empty, because any upward swing in happiness seems doomed to fall back to near your baseline. "There's been a tension in the field," explains Lyubomirsky's main collaborator, psychologist Kennon M. Sheldon of the University of Missouri-Columbia. "Some people were assuming you can affect happiness if, for example, you picked the right goals, but there was all this literature that suggested it was impossible, that what goes up must come down."

The Happiness Pie

Lyubomirsky, Sheldon and another psychologist, David A. Schkade of the University of California, San Diego, put the existing findings together into a simple pie chart showing what determines happiness. Half the pie is the genetic set point. The smallest slice is circumstances, which explain only about 10 percent of people's differences in happiness. So what is the remaining 40 percent？ "Because nobody had put it together before, that's unexplained," Lyubomirsky says. But she believes that when you take away genes and circumstances, what is left besides error must be "intentional activity," mental and behavioral strategies to counteract adaptation's downward pull.

Lyubomirsky has been studying these activities in hopes of finding out whether and how people can stay above their set point. In theory, that is possible in much the same way regular diet and exercise can keep athletes' weight below their genetic set points. But before Lyubomirsky began, there was "a huge vacuum of research on how to increase happiness," she says. The lottery study in particular "made people shy away from interventions," explains eminent University of Pennsylvania psychologist Martin E. P. Seligman, the father of positive psychology and a mentor to Lyubomirsky. When science had scrutinized(细察) happiness at all, it was mainly through correlational studies, which cannot tell what came first—the happiness or what it is linked to—let alone determine the cause and effect. Finding out that individuals with strong social ties are more satisfied with their lives than loners, for example, begs the question of whether friends make us happier or whether happy people are simply likelier to seek and attract friends.

Lyubomirsky's Research

Lyubomirsky began studying happiness as a graduate student in 1989 after an intriguing conversation with her adviser, Stanford University psychologist Lee D. Ross,

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

The Science of Lasting Happiness

The day I meet Sonja Lyubomirsky, she keeps getting calls from her Toyota, Prius dealer. When she finally picks up, she is excited by the news：she can buy the car she wants in two days. Lyubomirsky wonders if her enthusiasm might come across as materialism, but I understand that she is buying an experience as much as a possession. Two weeks later, in late January, the 40-year-old Lyubomirsky, who smiles often and seems to approach life with zest and good humor, reports that she is "totally loving the Prius". But will the feeling wear off soon after the new-car smell, or will it last, making a naturally happy person even more so？

The Possibility of Lasting Happiness

An experimental psychologist investigating the possibility of lasting happiness, Lyubomirsky understands far better than most of us the folly of pinning our hopes on a new car--or on any good fortune that comes our way. We tend to adapt, quickly returning to our usual level of happiness. The classic example of such "hedonic adaptatiou" (享乐适应)comes from a 1970s study of lottery winners, who ended up no happier than nonwinners a year. after their windfall (意外横财). Hedonic adaptation helps to explain why even changes in major life circumstances--such as income, marriage, physical health and where we live--do so little to boost our overall happiness. Not only that, but studies of twins and adoptees have shown that about 50 percent of each person's happiness is determined from birth. This "genetic set point" alone makes the happiness glass look half empty, because any upward swing in happiness seems doomed to fall back to near your baseline. "There's been a tension in the field, "explains Lyubomirsky's main collaborator, psychologist Kennon M. Sheldon of the University of Missouri-Columbia. "Some people were assuming you can affect happiness if, for example, you picked the right goals, but there was all this literature that suggested it was impossible, that what goes up must come down."

The Happiness Pie

Lyubomirsky, Sheldon and another psychologist, David A. Schkade of the University of California, San Diego, put the existing findings together into a simple pie chart showing what determines happiness. Half the pie is the genetic set point. The smallest slice is circumstances, which explain only about 10 percent of people's differences in happiness. So what is the remaining 40 percent？ "Because nobody had put it together before, that's unexplained," Lyubomirsky says. But she believes that when you take away genes and circumstances, what is left besides error must be "intentional activity", mental and behavioral strategies to counteract adaptation's downward pull.

Lyubomirsky has been studying these activities in hopes of finding out whether and how people can stay above their set point. In theory, that is possible in much the same way regular diet and exercise can keep athletes' weight below their genetic set points. But before Lyubomirsky began, there was "a huge vacuum of research on how to increase happiness", she says. The lottery study in particular "made people shy away from interventions", explains eminent University of Pennsylvania psychologist Martin E. P. Seligman, the father of positive psychology and a mentor to Lyubomirsky. When science had scrutinized (细察) happiness at all, it was mainly through correlational studies, which cannot tell what came first--the happiness or what it is linked to--let alone determine the cause and effect. Finding out that individuals with strong social ties are more satisfied with their lives than loners, for example, begs the question of whether friends make us happier or whether happy people are simply like lier to seek and attract friends.

Lyubemirsky's Research

Lyubomirsky began studying happiness as a graduate student in 1989 after an intriguing conversation with her adviser, Stanford University psychologist Lee D. Ro

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

People appear to be born to compute. The numerical skills of children develop so early and so inexorably (坚定地) that it is easy to imagine an internal clock of mathematical maturity guiding their growth. Not long after learning to walk and talk, they can set the table with impressive accuracy--one plate, one knife, one spoon, one fork, for each of the five chairs. Soon they are capable of noting that they have placed five knives, five spoons, and five forks on the table and, a bit later, that this amounts to fifteen pieces of silverware. Having thus mastered addition, they move on to subtraction. It seems almost reasonable to expect that if a child were secluded on a desert island at birth and retrieved seven years later, he or she could enter a second-grade mathematics class without any serious problems of intellectual adjustment.

Of course, the truth is not so simple. In this century, the work of cognitive psychologists has illuminated the subtle forms of daily learning on which intellectual progress depends. Children were observed as they slowly grasped--or, as the case might be, bumped into--concepts that adults take for granted, as they refused, for instance, to concede that quantity is unchanged as water pours from a short stout glass into a tall thin one. Psychologists have since demonstrated that young children, when asked to count the pencils in a pile, readily report the number of blue or red pencils, but must be coaxed (说服) into finding the total. Such studies have suggested that the rudiments (基本原理) of mathematics are mastered gradually, and with effort. They have also suggested that the very concept of abstract numbers--the idea of a oneness, a twoness, a threeness that applies to any class of objects and is prerequisite (先决条件) for doing anything more mathematically demanding than setting a table--is itself far from innate.

After children have helped to set the table with impressive accuracy, they ________.

A．are able to help parents serve dishes

B．tend to do more complicated housework

C．are able to figure out the total pieces

D．can enter a second-grade mathematics class

The Interview

At the Demobilization Centre, after the usual round of medical inspection, return of service equipment, and issue of allowances and civilian clothing, I had been interviewed by an officer whose job was to advise on careers. On learning that I had a science degree and varied experience in engineering technology, he expressed the opinion that I would have no difficulty in finding a good civilian job. Industry was reorganizing itself for post - war production and there was already an urgent demand for qualified technologists, especially in the field of electronics, which was my special interest. I had been very much encouraged by this, as I had made a point of keeping up with new trends and developments by borrowing books through the Central Library System, and by subscribing to various technical journals and magazines, so I felt quite confident of my ability to hold down a good job. He had given me a letter of introduction to the Higher Appointments Office in Tavistock Square, London, and suggested that I call on them as soon as I had settled myself in "digs" and had enjoyed a short holiday...

Shortly after my return, I visited the Appointments Office, where I was interviewed by two courteous, impersonal men who questioned me closely on my academic background, service career and experience in industry. I explained that after graduating I had worked for two years as a Communication Engineer for the Standard Oil Company at their Aruba Refinery, earning enough to pay for postgraduate study in England. At the end of the interview they told me that I would be notified of any vacancies suitable to my experience and qualifications. Two weeks later I received a letter from the Appointments Office, together with a list of three firms, each of which had vacancies for qualified Communication Engineers. I promptly wrote to each one, stating my qualifications and experience, and soon received very encouraging replies, each with an invitation to an interview. Everything was working very smoothly and I felt on top of the world.

I was nervous as I stood in front of the Head Office in Mayfair; this firm had a high international reputation and the thought of being associated with it added to my excitement. Anyway, I reasoned, this was the first of the interviews, and if I failed here there were still two chances remaining. The uniformed attendant politely opened the large doors for me, and as I approached the receptionist's desk she smiled quite pleasantly.

"Good morning." Her brows were raised in polite enquiry.

"Good morning," I replied, "My name is Braithwaite. I am here for an interview with Mr. Symonds."

I had taken a great deal of care with my appearance that morning. I was wearing my best suit with the fight shirt and tie and pocket handkerchief; my shoes were smartly polished, my teeth were well brushed and I was wearing my best smile--all this had passed the very critical inspection of Mr. and Mrs. Belmont with whom I lived. I might even say that I was quite proud of my appearance. Yet the receptionist's smile suddenly disappeared. She reached for a large diary and consulted it as if to verify my statement, then she picked up the telephone and, cupping her hand around the mouthpiece as if for greater privacy, spoke rapidly into it, watching me stealthily the while.

"Will you come this way？" She set off down a wide corridor, her back straight and stiff with a disapproval which was echoed in the tap-tap of her high heels.

At the end of the corridor we entered an automatic lift; the girl maintained a silent hostility and avoided looking at me. At the second floor we stepped out into a passage on to which several rooms opened; pausing briefly outside one of them she said "In there," and quickly retreated to the lift. I knocked on the door and entered a spacious room where four men were seated at a large table.

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

onsidered taking a vacation or paying off student loans. Instead, the 24-year-old New York University law student began thinking about helping low-income women get better jobs. "If a woman goes for a job interview poorly-dressed, she won't get the job," Lublin says. "But without a job, she can't afford suitable clothes."

So, with the money Lublin founded "Dress for Success" and began collecting women's clothes which were still in good condition but which their owners no longer needed. "So many women have clothes lying around that they will never wear again," one of Lublin's assistants says. "Nancy's idea is so simple and yet so important to women."

Many women come to Lublin's office before going to a job interview. Here, they receive a suit, shoes mid any other things they need. Since it was set up, more than 1,000 women have turned to "Dress for Success" for help. Many of them have won job. Some have round jobs after being out of work for many years. Jenny, a 32-year-old woman who was recently hired as a law-firm office manager says, "I made a good impression because of 'Dress for Success'."

(30)

A．Nancy set up "Dress for Success" to make money.

B．Nancy's office gathers used clothes from women.

C．Nancy's grandfather lent her the money to set up the office.

D．Low-income women can get jobs at "Dress for Success".

Brown's farm. As She tried to herd her cows to higher ground, she slipped and hit her head on a fallen tree think. The fall knocked her out for a moment or two. When she came to, (32) Lizzie, one of her oldest and favorite cows, was licking her face. The water was rising. Nancy got up and began walking slowly with Lizzie. The water was now waist high. It was quite hard to walk in the water. Nancy's pace got slower and slower. Finally, all she could do was to throw her arm around Lizzie's neck and try to hang on. About twenty minutes later, Lizzie managed to successfully pull herself and Nancy out of the raging water and onto a bit of high land, a small island now in the middle of acres of white water.

Even though it was about noon, the sky was so dark and the rain and lightning so bad that it took rescuers another two hours to discover Nancy. A helicopter lowered a paramedic, who attached Nancy to a life-support hoist. (33) They raised her into the helicopter and took her to the school gym, where the Red Cross had set up an emergency shelter.

When the flood finally subsided two days later, Nancy immediately went back to the "island". (34) To her great grief, Lizzie was gone. She was one of nineteen cows that Nancy lost. "I owe my life to her," said Nancy sobbingly.

(33)

A．She was a farmer.

B．She was a cow.

C．She was a rescuer.

D．She was a horse.

. In 1960 ,Wilma Rudolph became the first American woman to win three gold medals in one Olympics. She was an extraordinary American athlete.

Wilma Rudolph was born in 1940, in Saint Bethlehem, Tennessee. She was born too early and only weighed two kilograms. Her left leg was damaged because of illnesses. When she was six years old, she began to wear metal leg braces because she could not use that leg. Since she was sick most of the time, her brothers and sisters all helped to take care of her. Soon, her family's attention and care showed results. By the time she was nine years old, she no longer needed her leg braces.

Wilma Rudolph went to her first Olympic Games when she was sixteen years old and still in high school. She competed in the nineteen fifty-six games in Melbourne, Australia. She was the youngest member of the United States team. She won a bronze medal, in the sprint relay event.

In 1960, Wilma Rudolph went to the Olympics again, this time in Rome, Italy. She won two gold medals—first place—in the one hundred meter and the two hundred meter races. She set a new Olympic record of twenty-three point two seconds for the two hundred meter dash.

Her team also won the gold medal in the four hundred meter sprint relay event, setting a world record of forty-four point five seconds. These three gold medals made her one of the most popular athletes at the Rome games. These victories made people call her the "world's fastest woman".

(33)

A．She was born in 1960.

B．She was born in 1940.

C．She was born in 1916.

D．She was born in 1956.

ll be working alongside a professor from Harvard!

M: Wow, that's so cool, Lily! It's so great that your environment is finally supporting you. I wasn't sure you were going to make it a couple of times! Especially when your father lost his job. That was hard on you and your family, wasn't it？

W: Yeah, that's why I have tried hard to make money. I have to admit I was pretty fired all these days. And those classes, especially business classes — I thought they were going to kill me!

M: (laughing): I feel the same way about my liberal arts classes! Jeff seems to be the only one who can do well in all of his classes! He's amazing! By the way, he had a long talk with Drew the other night. I guess he is interested in meeting you!

W: Wow! Are you kidding？

M: No! He's really interested. Maybe we can double date with you guys. That way, there wouldn't be so much pressure on each of you. Especially since you've never officially met before!

W: Sounds goad. Let me know when everyone can make it. I think it would be easier for me to make it after I learn more about my part-time job.

M: OK. I'll talk to Jeff and we'll see what we can schedule with my girl friend. I'll give you a call as soon as we figure out what will work for everyone. How about dinner and a movie？

M: Perfect. Give me a call when you can. See you soon!

(20)

A．Because she wants to practice herself.

B．Because she wants to work with the professor from Harvard.

C．Because she has to support the family.

D．Because she is tired of the classes.

听力原文：M: Hurry up, Kate. We'll be late.

W: I am hurrying. I can't move any faster.

M: It's always the same. We can never get anywhere on time.

W: Right! I'm ready. Really, David, if you gave me some help around the house, we'd never have to hurry like this. I can't do everything, you know.

M: Well, we'd better be off. We're late already.

W: Oh, no! It's absolutely pouring. We can't go out in that. We'll be soaked.

M: Nonsense! Come on. It's only a shower. It won't last long.

W: A shower？ That! It's set in for the night. I'm not going out in that.

M: Well, you've got your umbrella, haven't you？ Use that. And anyway. it's only five minutes to the Johnsons' house.

W: It might just as well be five miles in that rain. And I haven't got my umbrella. I left it in the office.

M: That wasn't very clever of you, was it？

W: Well, we could use your umbrella, I suppose.

M: We can't. I left it on the train six weeks ago.

W: Oh, David, Really, you are impossible.

M: Well, we can't stand here all night. We're late enough as it is. Let's go.

W: I'm not going out in that. And that's final.

M: I'd better ring for a taxi then.

W: Yes. You'd better, hadn't you？

(20)

A．Because she hasn't got ready yet.

B．Because she is waiting for David.

C．Because she is waiting for a taxi to pick her up.

D．Because it is raining very hard and she doesn't have an umbrella.