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[主观题]

Studies of marriage relationships indicate that ______.A．opposites get on better than simi

Studies of marriage relationships indicate that ______.

A．opposites get on better than similar personalities

B．exactly the same bases for success apply for ordinary friendships

C．it is first of all necessary to limit prospective partners to people from similar back- grounds

D．the most successful are those between people who are alike but not exactly the same

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发布时间：2020-09-19

更多“Studies of marriage relationships indicate that ______.A．opposites get on better than simi”相关的问题

第1题

Being sociable looks like a good way to add years to your life. Relationships with family,

friends, neighbours, even pets, will all do the trick, but the biggest longevity(长寿)boost seems to come from marriage or an equivalent relationship. The effect was first noted in 1858 by William Farr, who wrote that widows and widowers(鳏夫) were at a much higher risk of dying than their married peers. Studies since then suggest that marriage could add as much as seven years to a man's life and two to a woman's. The effect holds for all causes of death, whether illness, accident or self-harm.

Even if the odds are stacked against you, marriage can more than compensate. Linda Waite of the University of Chicago has found that a married older man with heart disease can expect to live nearly four years longer than an unmarried man with a healthy heart. Likewise, a married man who smokes more than a pack a day is likely to live as long as a divorced man who doesn't smoke. There's a flip side, however, as partners are more likely to become ill or die in the couple of years following their spouse's death, and caring for a spouse with mental disorder can leave you with some of the same severe problems. Even so, the odds favour marriage. In a 30-year study of more than 10, 000 people, Nicholas Christakis of Harvard Medical School describes how all kinds of social networks have similar effects.

So how does it work？ The effects are complex, affected by socio-economic factors, health-service provision, emotional support and other more physiological (生理的) mechanisms. For example, social contact can boost development of the brain and immune system, leading to better health and less chance of depression later in life. People in supportive relationships may handle stress better. Then there are the psychological benefits of a supportive partner.

A life partner, children and good friends are all recommended if you aim to live to 100. The ultimate social network is still being mapped out, but as Christakis says: "People are interconnected, so their health is interconnected. "

William Farr's study and other studies show that______.

A．social life provides an effective cure for illness

B．being sociable helps improve one's quality of life

C．women benefit more than men from marriage

D．marriage contributes a great deal to longevity

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第2题

These days lots of young Japanese do omiai, literally, "meet and look. " Many of them do s

o willingly. In today's prosperous and increasingly conservative Japan, the traditional omiai kekkon , or arranged marriage, is thriving.

But there is a difference. In the original omiai, the young Japanese couldn't reject the partner chosen by his parents and their middlernan. After World War II, many Japanese abandoned the arranged marriage as part of their rush to adopt the more democratic ways of their American conquerors. The Western ren'ai kekkon , or love marriage, became popular; Japanese began picking their own mates by dating and falling in love.

But the Western way was often found wanting in an important respect: it didn't necessarily produce a partner of the right economic, social, and educational qualifications. "Today's young people are quite calculating," says Chieko Akiyama, a social commentator.

What seems to be happening now is a repetition of a familiar process in the country's history, the "Japanization" of an adopted foreign practice. The Western ideal of marrying for love is accommodated in a new orniai in which both parties are free to reject the match. "Omiai is evolving into a sort of stylized introduction," Mrs. Akiyama says.

Many young Japanese now date in their early twenties, but with no thought of marriage. When they reach the age—in the middle twenties for women, the late twenties for men—they increasingly turn to omiai. Some studies suggest that as many as 40% of marriages each year are omiai kekkon. It's hard to be sure, say those who study the matter, because many Japanese couples, when polled, describe their marriage as a love match even if it was arranged.

These days, doing omiai often means going to a computer matching service rather than to a nakodo. The nakodo of tradition was an old woman who knew all the kids in the neighborhood and went around trying to pair them off by speaking to their parents; a successful match would bring her a wedding invitation and a gift of money. But Japanese today find it's less awkward to reject a proposed partner if the nakodo is a computer.

Japan has about five hundred computer matching services. Some big companies, including Mitsubishi, run one for their employees. At a typical commercial service, an applicant pays $80 to $ 125 to have his or her personal data stored in the computer for two years and $ 200 or so more if a marriage results. The stored information includes some obvious items, like education and hobbies, and some not-so-obvious ones, like whether a person is the oldest child. (First sons, and to some extent first daughthers, face an obligation of caring for elderly parents. )

According to the passage, today's young Japanese prefer______.

A．a traditional arranged marriage

B．a new type of arranged marriage

C．a Western love marriage

D．a more Westernized love marriage

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第3题

Gay Marriage Storms US Political PrimetimeIn the space of a few months, gay marriage in th

Gay Marriage Storms US Political Primetime

In the space of a few months, gay marriage in the United States has been transformed from a margin al issue into one of the hottest topics of the day with crucial legal and political ramifications.

Its importance was underlined Tuesday with President George W. Bush's public endorsement—in an election year—of a proposal to amend the US Constitution in a way that would ban same-sex marriage altogether.

The hugely divisive issue burst to prominence in November, following a landmark ruling by the Massachusetts Supreme Court that preventing same-sex couples from marrying violated the state's constitution.

The decision opened the way for Massachusetts to become the first state in the country to legalise gay marriage and laid down the battle lines between advocates, who argue in terms of equal human rights,

and opponents, who warn that the "sacred" institution of marriage is under threat.

Same-sex unions are under judicial review in Indiana, New Jersey and Arizona, and supporters were given a further boost last year when Canada legalised gay marriage, Causing many American couples to make the trip north of the border.

But at home, opposition is strong and highly organised, with family groups and conservative politicians the most vocal in their condemnation of any form. of recognition being extended to same-sex couples. A New York Times/CBS News poll taken in mid-February showed 61 percent still 'oppose gay marriage.

The social divisions surrounding the issue were brought into sharp relief earlier this month when the mayor of San Francisco decided to challenge California state laws by issuing the country's first-ever marriage licenses to gay couples. Some 3,300 same-sex partners have so far taken advantage of the mayor's largesse, despite moves by conservative opponents to get a court injunction preventing the unions taking place.

For couples like Marcye and Karen Nicholson-McFadden, who have lived together in New Jersey for 14 years and are raising two children, marriage would provide legal rights covering a host of issues from reduced car insurance to hospital visits and inheritance.

"These are rights everybody else takes for granted, and which you become so much more aware of when you have kid," said Marcye. "There is no legal connection between us. Our son understands marriage means commitment, and all this makes him feel insecure."

Michael Dimock of the Pew Research Center, which studies opinions towards public policy issues, says resistance to same-sex marriage tends to be strongest among regular churchgoers and older people.

"And then there are a lot of people who are just resistant to the idea of changing the definition (of marriage), and how society operates," Dimock said. "People express concern about its implications for the legal system, and what it's going to mean for the notion of family."

Thirty-eight US states have laws stipulating that marriage is an institution for heterosexuals only. Under the court decision in Massachusetts, the state must begin issuing marriage licenses on request to same-sex partners beginning May 17. Local legislators have so far failed to agree on proposals to sidestep the court by amending the state constitution.

Gay marriage in the United States has been transformed into one of the hottest topics.

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

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第4题

听力原文：The family is changing. In the past, grandparents, parents, and children used to

听力原文： The family is changing. In the past, grandparents, parents, and children used to live together, and they had an extended family. Sometimes two or more brothers with their wives and children were part of this large family group. But family structure is changing throughout the world. Nowadays, many families consist of only one Father, one mother, and children. It is becoming the main family structure everywhere.

The new family structure offers married women some advantages: they have freedom from their relatives, and the husband does not have all the power of the family. Studies show that in these families, men and women usually make an equal number of decisions about family lives.

In the past, wives usually have to pay for the benefits of freedom and power. When women lived in extended families, sisters and grandparents and aunts helped one another with housework and childcare. In addition, older women in a large family group had important positions.

But now, wives do not often enjoy this benefit, and they have another disadvantage too: women generally live longer than their husbands, so older women from these families often have to live alone. Studies show that women are generally less satisfied with marriage than men are. In the past, men worked outside the home and women worked inside. Housework and childcare were a full time job, and there was no time for anything else. Now women work outside and have more freedom than they did in the past, but they still have to do most of the housework. The women actually have two full-time jobs, and they have not much free time.

(30)

A．There were only grandparents and children.

B．There was one father, one mother, and their children.

C．There were many relatives.

D．There were two or more brothers with their wives.

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第5题

Crime has its own cycles, a magazine reported some years ago.Police records that were

studied for five years from over 2400 cities and towns show a surprising link between changes in the season and crime patterns.

The pattern of crime has varied very little over a long period of years.Murder reaches its high during July and August, as do rape and other violent attacks.Murder, moreover, is more than seasonal: it is a weekend crime.It is also a nighttime crime: 62 percent of murders are committed between 6 p.m.and 6 a.m.

Unlike the summer high in crimes of bodily harm, burglary(夜盗) has a different cycle.You are most likely to be robbed between 6 p.m.and 2 a.m.on a Saturday night in December, January, or February.The most uncriminal month of all？ May —except for one strange statistic.More dog bites are reported in this month than in any other month of the year.

Apparently our intellectual seasonal cycles are completely different from our criminal tendencies.Professor Huntington, of the Foundation for the Study of Cycles, made extensive studies to discover the seasons when people read serious book, attend scientific meetings, make the highest scores on examinations, and propose the most changes to patents (专利).In all instances, he found a spring peak and an autumn peak separated by a summer low.On the other hand, Professor Huntington’s studies indicated that June is the peak month for suicides and admissions to mental hospitals.June is also a peak month for marriages!

6.Which of the following is the best title for this article？()

A.A Time for Murder

B.Summer Crime

C.Crime Cycles Throughout the Year

D.Criminal Tendencies in Different Months

7.According to Paragraph 2, a murder would most likely occur ____.

A.on a weekend night in winter

B.on a weekday afternoon in summer

C.on a weekend morning in winter

D.on a weekday night in summer

8.In which of the following months are crimes least seen？()

A.April

B.May

C.June

D.October

9.In Paragraph 4, why is an exclamation mark (感叹号“!”) used at the end of the last sentence？()

A.Because the author is surprised that so many people marry in June.

B.Because the author is surprised that the marriage peak occurs in the same month as the peak for suicides and admissions to mental hospitals.

C.Because the author doesn’t understand why the peaks for suicides and marriage are in the same month.

D.Because the author lays emphasis on this sentence.

10.What does the last paragraph mainly tell us？()

A.Prof.Huntington found seasonal crime cycles.

B.Spring and autumn are intellectual seasons when people work efficiently.

C.June is the peak month for suicides.

D.Spring and autumn are crime peaks.

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第6题

听力原文：（32) The family is changing. In the past, grandparents, parents, and children us

听力原文： (32) The family is changing. In the past, grandparents, parents, and children used to live together, and they had a big family. Sometimes two or more brothers with their wives and children were part of this large family group. But family structure is changing throughout the world. The nuclear family consists of only one father, one mother, and children, it is becoming the main family structure everywhere.

(33) The nuclear family offers married women some advantages, they have freedom from their relatives, and the husband does not have all the power of the family. 'Studies show that in nuclear families, men and women usually make an equal number of decisions about family life.

But wives usually have to "pay" for the benefits of freedom and power. When women lived in extended families, sisters, grandparents, and aunts helped one another with housework and childcare. In addition, (34) older women in a large family group had important positions. Wives in nuclear families do not often enjoy this benefit, and they have another disadvantage, too: women generally live longer than their husbands, so older women from nuclear families often have to live alone. Studies show that women are generally less satisfied with marriage than men are. In the past, men worked outside the home and women worked inside. Housework and childcare were a full-time job, and there was no time for anything else. (35) Now women work outside and have more freedom than they did in the past, but they still have to do most of the housework. The women actually have two full-time jobs, and they do not have much free time.

(33)

A．There were only grandparents and children.

B．There was one father, one mother, and their children.

C．There were many relatives.

D．There were two or more brothers with their wives.

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第7题

Are We Turning into a Nation of Loners？Marriage is down, and so is childbirth. But divorce

Are We Turning into a Nation of Loners？

Marriage is down, and so is childbirth. But divorce is up, along with single-person living. This is Britain today.

A period of unprecedented change in British family life, where adults lead more isolated lives, bringing up children on their own or not having them at all, is described in a report today. The independent Family Policy Studies Centre paints a picture of an evolving society with fewer children, fewer marriages, more divorces and more solo living, where "marriage and partnerships are much more fragile than they were".

Although the government has gone further than any other in developing explicit policies for parenting and marriage, ministers should become "more in tune with contemporary family life", it says. They need to consider the effect of these changes, the report says, not just on children affected by the breakdown of adult relationships, but on society as a whole and "right across the life cycle".

The report says it is still too early to talk of the death of the "traditional family", because four-fifths of dependent children still live in a family with two parents, and nine in ten of those parents are married. But other statistics included in the report demonstrate significant changes in family demographics (人口统计) with profound, often unexplored, consequences.

More than 6.5 million people in Britain—about 28% of households—now live on their own, three times as many as 40 years ago, the report says. Nearly a quarter of women born in 1973 will still be childless at the age of 45, compared with about one in ten of those born in 1943. Women are having children later, on average at 29 rather than at 26, as in the 1970s, and they are having fewer offspring. The average of 1.73 children per woman in the late 1990s, though higher than in most EU countries, is well below the 2.1 needed to retain the population at its present level in the long term.

Lone parents trebled

The 21% of dependent children living in lone parent households (the vast majority with their mother) has trebled (三倍) from the 7% in 1972. The number of lone parents has trebled in the past 25 years—there were about 1.6 million such parents and 2.8 million dependent children by the mid 1990s, compared with just over 500000 lone parents and 1 million dependent children in 1971. Within that 1.6 million, the fastest growing group is single, never-married lone mothers. Their proportion, 42% in 1997, is nearly double the proportion of 24% for 1984.

"Twenty years ago such women would have married only to see their relationship end in separation or divorce," the report says. "Single lone mothers should be seen as the modern equivalent of teenagers in earlier generations whose shotgun marriages (为怀孕所迫的结婚) failed."

The annual marriage rate is at its lowest level since records began 160 years ago. In 1961 approximately 330000 first-time marriages and 50000 remarriages took place. By 1997 these figures had dropped to fewer than 200000 first-time marriages and approximately 120000 remarriages. Of every five marriages, two will end in divorce. More than 150000 children under 16 experience the divorce of their parents, and if present rates continue, 28% of children under 16 will experience divorce. The cost of family breakdown to the public purse has been estimated at about 5 billion a year.

But marriage is still more stable than cohabiting, with couples who live together unmarried three or four times more likely to split up. Future research will show a rise in the proportion of cohabiting couples, from the one in ten in the most recently available figures. And the presence of children in a cohabiting relationship does not appear to reduce the breakdown rate significantly. Although the Centre itself devotes some space in its report to children, it says ministers should broaden their scope to

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

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第8题

By now, how the immune system is affected by stress has been well documented. In one study

【B1】newlywed couples, for example, those who showed【B2】behavior. during a 30-minute discussion about marriage problems had lower immune【B3】for 24-hour period following the experiment than people who showed less【B4】behavior. It is not just stress, that can do damage. One researcher thought that【B5】the same cold virus was put【B6】two different noses, the person who is de pressed or anxious or pessimistic would be more likely to develop the cold.

What is it about stress and related emotions【B7】can encourage poor health？ These feelings can cause the【B8】of substances that damage or weaken our immune cells. Negative【B9】can also cause our bodies to produce fewer immune-transmitters that【B10】help fight off disease.

If stress, depression, anger and other negative feelings can make you more likely to get sick, can the【B11】be true？ Will you have a stronger immune【B12】and greater health if you are happier, less stressed, and more【B13】？ Experts believe that the answer is yes. There are studies showing that by【B14】certain mind-body techniques that help reduce stress and improve outlook, cancer patients can live longer.【B15】cancer patients aren't the only ones who can benefit.

Research has found that when patients with chronic pain used【B16】therapies and other behavioral techniques to【B17】discomfort, they reduced their visits to the doctors by 36%. Relaxation produces better health through deep, rhythmic breathing, muscle【B18】, and a slower heart rate. When some of the tension is taken out of the body, the【B19】is taken off the entire system. Relaxation decreases blood pressure, heart rate. That is important because a body that is【B20】tense will eventually give out.

【B1】

A．involving

B．interfering

C．hindering

D．intervening

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第9题

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the factor in marriage advertisement according

to this passage？

A．The appearance.

B．The previous marriage status.

C．The expenditure of wedding ceremony.