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Mental depression only hits the old people.（）
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更多“Mental depression only hits the old people.（）”相关的问题
第1题
Depression, the best known and most common mental illnesses, takes the form. of ______.
A．extreme confidence in themselves
B．emotional break-out when it is cold
C．emotional blows in daylight
D．hopeless sadness and thoughts of suicide sometimes
第2题
What can we learn from the findings of the two new studies？
A.Anxiety and depression more often than not cut short one’s life span。
B.Longevity results from a combination of mental and physical health。
C.Personality plays a decisive role in how healthy one is。
D.Health is in large part related to one’s lifestyle。
第3题
Instant Expert: Mental Health
When the heart breaks down, it beats irregularly or not at all. A bone can chip or snap. But when the complex network of neurons in our brain fails to function normally, the result can be a near-endless variety and combinations of mental illnesses.
It's normal to sometimes be sad, happy, anxious, confused, forgetful or fearful, but when a person's emotions, thoughts or behavior. frequently trouble them, or disrupt their lives, they may be suffering from mental illness. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), about 450 million people worldwide are affected by mental, neurological or behavioral problems at any time.
However, determining that someone has a mental illness, and which one, is one of the challenges psychiatrists face. One effort to catalogue these afflictions is the "psychiatrists' bible", the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders--the latest edition fills nearly one thousand pages and lists over 400 disorders.
Diversity of disorders
Among the best known and most common mental illnesses is depression-a prolonged, weakening sad- ness, sometimes accompanied by a feeling of hopelessness and thoughts of suicide. Seasonal affective disorder is a type of depression that affects some people in the autumn and winter and is triggered by the disappearing hours of daylight and colder temperatures. In bipolar disorder (双极性障碍), a person changes from depression to episodes of excessive enthusiasm where they are unrealistically confident in their abilities.
Personality disorders are behavior. patterns that are destructive to the person themselves or those around them. In dissociative disorders, someone experiences a sudden change in consciousness or their concept of self. In dissociative amnesia, for example, the result is a loss of part or all of their memories. Samson, the Biblical strongman, may have suffered from the earliest recorded case of antisocial personality disorder.
Anxiety disorders are characterized by powerful feelings of stress and physical signs of fear-sweating, a racing heart-due to some cue in the environment, or for no obvious reason at all. These include post-traumatic (创伤后的) stress disorder, panic disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, anger disorders, hypochondria, social phobia, and other phobias including agoraphobia (open spaces), claustrophobia (small spaces), acrophobia (heights), and arachnophobia (spiders).
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder is among the most common mental illnesses diagnosed in children, affecting their ability to focus and associated with high levels of activity and impulsiveness.
Eating disorders involve an unhealthy relationship to food. A sufferer of anorexia nervosa (神经性厌食症) will strive for thinness to the point of starvation, due to a distorted perception of their bodies and dissatisfaction in their sense of control. They engage in cycles of gorging(feed greedily) themselves and then purging through vomiting or the use of some drugs. Muscle dysmorphia is sometimes thought of as a "reverse" form. of anorexia that affects bodybuilders. Sufferers constantly worry that they are too weak despite being extremely strong.
Enormous cost
Mental illnesses are quite common. As many as one in five people are thought to suffer from mental illness, at least temporarily, each year. Suicide--often the result of untreated mental illness--claims 873000 lives around the world each year. The economic costs of these conditions are also enormous and growing. According to the WHO, depression is expected to account for more lost years of healthy life than any other disease by 2030, except for HIV/AIDS.
Even so, the mentally ill face disgrace and discrimination. Studies find people are reluctant to admit they have at mental illness, to seek help, or to stick with treatment. Others are eager to reject the label of a mental
A．irregularity of heart
B．snapped bones
C．the malfunction of the neural network in brain
D．the malfunction of the brain
第4题
Depression: The Hidden Epidemic
Felt down？ Got the blues？ You're not alone. Everyone gets sad (yes, everyone you've ever met). Some people have sad feelings just pretty often. More than half of teenagers go through a sad period at least once a month and plenty of younger kids do, too.
When you're in a sad mood, it may feel like it will last forever, but usually feelings of sadness don't last very long — a few hours, or maybe a day or two. A deeper, more intense kind of sadness that lasts a lot longer is called depression. Each year millions of people are estimated to .suffer from depression, a condition so widespread that it has been dubbed "the common cold of mental illness."
Types of Depression
For some people, depression can be intense and occur in bouts that last for weeks at a time. For others, depression can be less severe but can linger at a low level for years.
Doctors who treat depression distinguish between these two forms, diagnosing the more severe, short-lasting form. as major depression, and the longer-lasting but less severe form. as dysthymia.
A third form. of depression that may be diagnosed is called adjustment disorder with depressed mood. It refers to a depressive reaction to a specific life event (such as a death, divorce, or other loss) when the adjustment to the loss takes longer than the normally expected time frame. or is more severe than expected and interferes with the person's daily activities.
Bipolar disorder (also sometimes called manic depressive illness) is another depressive condition that involves periods of major depression mixed with periods of mania. Mania is the term for abnormally high mood and extreme bursts of unusual activity or energy. Mental health experts divide Bipolar disorder into four types because the symptoms of bipolar disorder show up differently in different people.
What Are the Symptoms of Depression？
Depression is associated with many symptoms and not everyone has the same ones. Some people have many symptoms, while others may only have a few. The symptoms below may signal that you or someone you love may be depressed:
1. Appearance — sad face, slow movements, unkempt look
2. Unhappy feelings — feeling sad, hopeless, discouraged, or listless
3. Negative thoughts — "I'm a failure," "I'm not good," "No one cares about me."
4. Reduced activity — "I just sit around and mope," "Doing anything is just too much of an effort."
5. Reduced concentration
6. People problems — "I don't want anybody to see me," "I feel so lonely."
7. Guilt and low self-esteem — "It's all my fault," "I should be punished."
8. Physical problems — Sleeping problems, weight loss or gain, decreased sexual interest, or head-aches
9. Suicidal thoughts or wishes — "I'd be better off dead," "I wonder if it hurts to die."
Why Do People Get Depressed？
The exact cause of depression remains unclear. The most probable explanation is that it is an imbalance in neurotransmitters in the brain. But what triggers it in the first place？
First, genetic factors. There is growing interest in genetic approaches to understanding a variety of diseases and depression is no exception. Some people certainly seem to be more vulnerable to depression than could make individuals susceptible to the disease. Some studies have shown that people who have relatives with depression have a one in four chance of developing it themselves, compared with only one in 14 for the general population.
Secondly, external triggers. In most cases just having these genes is probably not enough-to cause depression on its own. Depressi
A．Y
B．N
C．NG
第5题
听力原文： My child seems sad. Is he suffering from depression？ Not necessarily: Normal sadness or grieving is not depression. Don't worry if your child occasionally feels blue or down. Life has its ups and downs, and it's normal for children to grieve over a loss or feel sad for a few hours or days at a time. But if his melancholy lasts for more than a couple of weeks or seems to interfere with his regular activities and relationships, he may be clinically depressed. Depression is far more than a temporary change in mood; it's marked by a sense of hopelessness and a lack of energy and enthusiasm that can last for weeks, months, or (in rare cases) even years at a time. The good news about depression is that it's almost always treatable. The key is identifying the problem and getting help. What are the symptoms？
It might seem logical that the most obvious symptom of depression would be sadness, but many depressed children say they don't feel sad or gloomy. Interestingly, one of the key signs of depression in children is irritability. Children may be depressed if they have trouble getting along with other kids and family members or have dramatic swings in mood. Other signs of depression include lack of energy, inability to concentrate, poor performance in school, a sense of hopelessness and helplessness, and frequent complaints about physical ailments like headaches or stomachaches.
If your child exhibits any symptoms of depression, ask yourself three questions: Is this behaviour new？ Is it long-lasting or going on for several weeks or more？ Are the symptoms interfering with his ability to function at home, in school, or with his friends？ If you answer "yes" to any of those questions, you should probably have your child evaluated by a child or adolescent psychologist, psychiatrist, or other licensed mental health professional trained to work with children and adolescents.
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A．The child seems sad.
B．The child occasionally feels blue or down.
C．His or her sadness lasts for a rather long period of time.
D．He or she feels life has its ups and downs.
第6题
Teachers are advised not to mark students work in red pen because______.
A．red color is too eye-catching
B．it may hurt students" feelings
C．it is against the state law
D．colors are too aggressive
第7题
What are the symptoms？ It might seem logical that the most obvious symptom of depression would be sadness, but many depressed children say they don't feel sad or gloomy. Interestingly, one of the key signs of depression in children is [34] irritability(易怒). Children may be depressed if [34] they have trouble getting along with other kids and family members or have dramatic swings in mood. Other signs of depression include lack of energy, inability to concentrate, [34] poor performance in school, a sense of hopelessness and helplessness, and frequent complaints about physical ailments like headaches or stomachaches.
If your child exhibits any symptoms of depression, ask yourself three questions: [35] Is this behavior. new？ Is it long-lasting (going on for several weeks or more)？ Are the symptoms interfering with his ability to function at home, in school, or with his friends？ If you answer yes to any of those questions, you should probably have your child evaluated by a child or adolescent psychologist, psychiatrist, or other licensed mental health professional trained to work with children and adolescents.
(7)
A．The child seems sad.
B．His or her sadness lasts for a rather long period of time.
C．The child occasionally feels blue or down.
D．He or she feels life has its ups and downs.
第8题
Leeds University researchers, writing in the Psychopathology journal, said a small proportion of Internet users were classed as Internet addicts and that people in this group were more likely to be depressed than non-addicted users.
The article on the relationship between excessive Internet use and depression, a questionnaire-based study of 1,319 young people and adults, used data gathered from respondents to links placed on UK-based social networking sites.
The respondents answered questions about how much time they spent on the Internet and what they used it for; they also completed the Beck Depression Inventory--a series of questions designed to measure the severity of depression.
The six-page report, by the university's Institute of Psychological Sciences, said 18 of the people who completed the questionnaire were Internet addicts.
"Our research indicates that excessive Internet use is associated with depression, but what we don't know is which comes flint--are depressed people drawn to the Internet or does the Internet cause depression？" the article's lead author, Dr.Catriona Morrison, said. "What is clear is that, for a small part of people, excessive use of the Internet could be a warning signal for depressive tendencies."
The age range of all respondents was between 16 and 51 years, with a mean age of 21.24. The mean age of the 18 Internet addicts, 13 of whom were male and five female, was 18.3 years. By comparing the scale of depression within this group to that within a group of 18 non-addicted Internet users, researchers found the Internet addicts had a higher incidence of moderate to severe depression than non-addicts. They also discovered that addicts spent proportionately more time browsing sexually pleasing websites, online gaming sites and online communities.
"This study reinforces the public speculation (推测) that over-engaging in websites that serve to replace normal social function might be linked to psychological disorders like depression and addiction," Morrison said. "We now need to consider the wider societal implications of this relationship and establish clearly the effects of excessive Internet use on mental health."
Internet addicts are people who______.
A．use the Internet more than enough
B．feel depressed when using the Internet
C．seldom connect to the Internet
D．feel depressed without the Internet
第9题
These conditions continued until after World War Ⅱ. At that time, new treatments were discovered for some major mental illnesses considered untreatable (penicillin for syphilis of the brain and insuered for some major mental illnesses considered untreatable (penicillin for syphilis of the brain and insulin treatment for schizophrenia and depressions)), and a succession of books, motion pictures, and newspaper exposes called attention to the plight of the mentally ill. Improvements were made, and Dr. David Vail's Humane Practices Program is a beacon for today. But changes were slow in coming until the early 1960s. At that time, the Civil Rights Movement led lawyers to investigate America's prisons, which were disproportionately populated by blacks, and they in turn followed prisoners into the only institutions that were worse than the prisons—the hospitals for the criminally insane. The prisons were filled with angry young men who, encouraged by legal support, were quick to demand their right. The hospitals for the criminally insane, by contrast, were populated with people who were considered "crazy" and who were often kept obediently in their place through the use of severe bodily restraints and large doses of major tranquilizers. The young cadre of public interest lawyers liked their role in the mental hospitals. The lawyers found a population that was both passive and easy to champion. These were, after all, people who unlike criminals, had done nothing wrong. And in many states, they were being kept in horrendous institutions, and injustice, which once exposed, was bound to shock the public and, particularly, the judicial conscience.
Judicial interventions have had some definite positive effects, but there is growing awareness that courts cannot provide the standards and the review mechanisms that assure good patient care. The details of providing day-to-day care simply cannot be mandated by a court, so it is time to take from the courts the responsibility for delievery of mental health care and assurance of patient rights and return it to the state mental health administrators to whom the mandate was originally given. Though it is a difficult task, administrators must undertake to write rules and standards and to provide the training and patient rights are respected.
The main purpose of the passage is to ______.
A．discuss the influence of Dorothea Dix on the mental health movement
B．provide an historical perspective on problems of mental health care
C．increase public awareness of the plight of the mentally iii
D．shock the reader with vivid descriptions of asylums
第10题
听力原文： Many of us believe that a person's mind becomes less active as he grows older. But this is not true, according to Dr. Lissy F. Javik, professor of psychiatry at the University of California, Los Angeles. Dr. Jarvik has studied the mental functioning of aging persons for several years. For example, one of her studies concerns 136 pairs of identical twins, who were first examined when they were already 60 years old. As Dr. Jarvik's continued the study of the twins into their 70s and 8Os, their minds did not generally decline as was expected.
However, there was some decline in their psychomotor speed. This means that it took them longer to accomplish mental tasks than it used to. But when speed was not a factor, they last very little intellectual ability over the years. In general, Dr. Jarvik's studies have shown that there is no decline in knowledge or reasoning ability. This is true not only into the 30s and 40s but also into 60s and 70s as well.
As for learning new things, and ability to remember, studies by Dr. Jarvik and others show that the old are equal to the young. It is true that older people themselves often complain that their memory is not as good as it once was. However, much of what we call "loss of memory" is not that at all. There usually was incomplete learning in the first place. For example, the older person perhaps had trouble hearing or poor vision, or inattention, or was trying to learn the new thing at a speed that was too fast.
In the cases where the older person's mind really seems to decay, it is not necessarily a sign of a decay due to old age or "senility". Often it is simply a sign of a depressed emotional state. The depression usually can be counteracted by counseling, therapy with a psychologist, or medications which fight depression.
(30)
A．It remains as active as ever.
B．It tends to be less active.
C．It loses the ability to reason.
D．It functions well in learning new things.
