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The iron and steel industry ___________ (起着重要的作用) in our national economy.
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更多“The iron and steel industry ___________ （起着重要的作用) in our national economy.”相关的问题
第2题
Then the inventor Henry Bessemer discovered that directing a blast of air at melted iron in a furnace would burn out the impurities that made the iron brittle (易碎的). As the air shot through the furnace, the bubbling metal would erupt in showers of sparks. When the fire cooled, the metal had been changed, or converted, to steel. The Bessemer Converter made possible the mass production of steel. Now three to five tons of iron could be changed into steel in a mater of minutes.
Just when the demand for more and more steel developed, prospectors, discovered huge new deposits of iron ore in the Mesabi Range, a 120-mile-long region in Minnesota near Lake Superior. The Mesabi deposits were so near the surface that they could be mined with steam shovels.
Barges and steamers carded the iron ore through Lake Superior to depots (车站) on the southern shores of Lake Michigan and Lake Erie. With dizzying speed, Gary, Indiana, and Toledo, Youngstown, and Cleveland, Ohio, became major steel-manufacturing centers. Pittsburgh was the greatest steel city of all.
Steel was the basic building material of the industrial age. Production skyrocketed from seventy-seven thousand tons in 1870 to over eleven million tons in 1900.
According to the passage, the railroad industry preferred steel to iron because steel was ______.
A．cheaper and more plentiful
B．lighter, and easier to mold
C．cleaner, and easier to mine
D．stronger and more durable
第3题
A．It directed air at melted iron in a furnace, removing all impurities.
B．It slowly heated iron ore, then stirred it and heated it again.
C．It changed iron ore into iron, which was a substitute for' steel.
D．It could quickly find deposits of iron ore under the ground.
第4题
Iron was rapidly adopted for the construction of bridges, because its strength was far greater than that of stone or timber, but its use in the architecture of buildings developed more slowly. By 1800 a complete internal iron skeleton for buildings had been developed in industrial architecture replacing traditional timber beams, but it generally remained concealed. Apart from its low cost, the appeal of iron as a building material lay in its strength, its resistance to fire, and its potential to span vast areas. As a result, iron became increasingly popular as a structural material for more traditional styles of architecture during the nineteenth century, but it was invariably concealed.
Significantly, the use of exposed iron occurred mainly in the new building types produced by the Industrial Revolution: in factories, warehouses, commercial offices, exhibition halls, and railroad stations, where its practical advantages far outweighed its lack of status. Designers of the railroad stations of the new age explored the potential of iron, covering huge areas with spans that surpassed the great vaults of medieval churches and cathedrals. Paxton's Crystal Palace, designed to house the Great Exhibition of 1851, covered an area of 1848 feet by 408 feet in assembled units of glass set in iron frames. The Paris Exhibition of 1889 included both the widest span and the greatest height achieved so far with the Halle des Machines, spanning 362 feet, and the Eiffel Tower 1,000 feet high. However, these achievements were mocked by the artists of Paris as expensive and ugly foolishness. Iron, despite its structural advantages, had little aesthetic(审美的)status. The use of an exposed iron structure in the more traditional styles of architecture was slower to develop.
What does the passage mainly discuss？
A．Advances in iron processing in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.
B．The effects of the Industrial Revolution on traditional architectural styles.
C．Advantages of stone and timber over steel as building materials.
D．The evolution of the use of iron in architecture.
第5题
Iron was rapidly adopted for the construction of bridges, because its strength was far greater than that of stone or timber, but its use in the architecture of buildings developed more slowly, By 1800 a complete internal iron skeleton for buildings bad been developed in industrial architecture replacing traditional timber beams, but it generally remained concealed. Apart from its low cost, the appeal of iron as a building material lay in its strength, its resistance to fire, and its potential to span vast areas. As a result, iron became increasingly popular as a structural material for more traditional styles of architecture during the nineteenth century, but it was invariably concealed.
Significantly, the use of exposed iron occurred mainly in the new building types produced by the Industrial Revolution: in factories, warehouses, commercial offices, exhibition halls, and railroad stations, where its practical advantages far outweighed its lack of status. Designers of the railroad stations of the new age explored the potential of iron, covering huge areas with spans that surpassed the great vaults of medieval churches and cathedrals. Paxton's Crystal Palace, designed to house the Great Exhibition of 1851, covered an area of 1848 feet by 408 feet in assembled units of glass set in iron frames. The Paris Exhibition of 1889 included both the widest span and the greatest height achieved so far with the Halle des Machines, spanning 362 feet, and the Eiffel Tower 1,000 feet high. However, these achievements were mocked by the artists of Paris as expensive and ugly foolishness. Iron, despite its structural advantages, had little aesthetic(审美的) status, The use of an exposed iron structure in the more traditional styles of architecture was slower to develop.
What does the passage mainly discuss？
A．Advances in iron processing in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.
B．The effects of the Industrial Revolution on traditional architectural styles.
C．Advantages of stone and timber over steel as building materials.
D．The evolution of the use of iron in architecture.
第6题
听力原文： The agricultural revolution in the 19th century involved two things: the invention of labor-saving machinery and the development of scientific agriculture. Labor-saving machinery naturally appeared first where labor was scarce. "In Europe." said Thomas Jefferson, "the object is to make the most of their land, labor being rich enough; here it is to make the most of our labor, land being rich enough." It was in the United States, therefore, that the great advances in nineteenth-century agricultural machinery first came.
At the opening of the century, with the exception of crude equipment, farmers could have carried practically all of the existing agricultural implements on their backs; by 1860, most of the machinery in use today had been designed in an early form. The most important of the inventions was the iron plow. As early as 1790 Charles Newbold of New Jersey had been working on the idea of a cast-iron plow andspent his entire fortune in introducing his invention. The farmers, however, were not interested in it, believing that the iron poisoned the soil and made the weeds row. Nevertheless, many people devoted their attention to the plow, until in 1869 James Oliver of South Bend, Indiana turned out the first steel plow.
(33)
A．The invention of machine that can save labor and the progress of scientific agriculture.
B．The invention of crude equipments and agricultural implements.
C．The advance of agriculture machinery and the iron plow.
D．The idea of a cast-iron plow and steel plow.
第7题
The second challenge: Like any other mineral processing industry, production of steel results in a net depletion(用尽) of non-renewable resources of ore and energy and leads to an irreversible degradation (退化) of the global environment. Apparently, this cannot go on for ever. The steel industry must harmonize itself to the needs of both the current generation as well as those of the future, and devise ways to transcend the ecological limits on growth.
The third challenge is the ability to change. Change is a time-tested mechanism for growth, and the ability to change is the hallmark of successful organizations. The steel industry with its large capital investments and long product development life cycles, finds itself very often out of accordance with global trends. The industry in general and individual plants in particular, must reengineer their technological operations, and become flexible enough to manage change, cope with uncertainty and thrive in a dynamic environment.
The image of steel has become one of a sunset industry, which in turn deters(阻止) the best and brightest brains in the land from making a career in iron and steel. If not today, then very shortly, we are heading for an acute scarcity of new ideas with which to overcome our current problems. This is the final and perhaps the most difficult challenge. We must improve our image. We must motivate and assemble the best talents to our cause, if only to have the money to meet all the other challenges which we are facing.
The big potential steel market is ______.
A．in industrialized countries
B．in agricultural countries
C．in Asia, Africa, and South America
D．in European countries
第9题
M: No, I know I'll set off security alarm for sure. I have a steel plate in my arm from a rugby injury.
Q: Why will the man set off the alarm in the airport？
(17)
A．Because he is wearing jewelry.
B．Because he has keys in his pocket.
C．Because he has a mental plate in his bag.
D．Because he has a steel plate in his body.
第10题
The world's knowledge is said to be doubling every eight years. This knowledge【C3】______ is stimulating economic progress. The need to collect, analyze, and communicate great【C4】______ of information is producing new products and services, creating jobs, and【C5】______ career opportunities. The information age is【C6】______ considered to be a phenomenon of the service sector of the economy, 【C7】______ than a product of heavy industry. Certainly, rocketing information technologies are creating new capabilities【C8】______ knowledge-based service spheres.【C9】______ changes just as dramatic are【C10】______ industry, giving people the【C11】______ to do challenging work in exciting new ways.
Manufacturing is full【C12】______ in the information age. From design to production, the manufacturing【C13】______ has long been information-intensive. It always has required exacting communication to describe what goes into products and how to make them. Now, computer technology is giving factory managers new【C14】______ to gather all of this information and use it to control production.
Telecommunications are producing error free communication between the design office and the factory, computer-aided design is enabling engineers to【C15】______ product performance and manufacturing process on video displays, before resources are committed to build and test prototypes. Techniques like these are bringing【C16】______ new advances in manufacturing productivity.
Just as coal fueled the【C17】______ to an industrial society, so microelectronics is powering the【C18】______ of the information age. Microelectronic information-management tools are【C19】______ U.S. industrial capability, which remains【C20】______ to America's economic well-being and national security.
【C1】
A．stimulating
B．seeking
C．securing
D．shaping
