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Modern biotechnology allows drugs targeted towards specific physiological processes t

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发布时间：2022-10-08

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第1题

Directions : There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four c

hoices marked A, B, C and D on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

In recent years a new farming revolution has begun, one that involves the 1 of life at a fundamental level -- the gene. The study of genetics has 2 rise to a new industry calledBiotechnology. As the name suggests, it 3 biology and modern technology through such techniques as genetic engineering. Some of the new biotech companies specialize in agriculture and are working feverishly to 4 seeds that give a high yield, that 5 diseases, drought and frost, and that reduce the need for 6 chemicals. If such goals could be achieved, it would be most 7 . But some have raised concerns about genetically engineered crops.

In nature, genetic diversity is created within certain 8 ．A rose can be crossed with a different kind of rose，but a rose will never cross with a potato．Genetic engineering，on the other hand，usually 9 taking genes from one species and inserting them into another in a(n) 10 to transfer a desired characteristic．This could mean，for example，selecting a gene which leads to the production of a chemical with antifreeze 11 from an arctic fish，and inserting it into a potato or strawberry to make it frost—resistant．In 12 ，then，biotechnology allows humans to 13 the genetic walls that separate species．

Like the green revolution， 14 some call the gene revolution contributes to the problem of genetic uniformity—some say even more so 15 geneticists Can employ techniques such as cloning and 16 culture，processes that produce perfectly 17 copies．Concerns about the erosion of biodiversity，therefore，remain：Genetically altered plants，however，raise new 18 ， such as the effects that they may have on us and the environment．“We are flying blindly into a new 19 of agricultural biotechnology with high hopes，few constraints，and little idea of the potential 20 。”said science writer Jeremy Rifkin．

第 32 题

A．manufacture

B．management

C．manipulation

D．maturity

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第2题

At High Tech High, ______ are hired to teach courses on biotechnology or web design.

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第3题

What's the main idea of the last paragraph？A．Crops begin infiltrating our food supply.B．Ma

What's the main idea of the last paragraph？

A．Crops begin infiltrating our food supply.

B．Maybe the application of biotechnology will cause environmental problems as well as bring effects to human health.

C．The application of biotechnology is also questioned by some other people.

D．The application of biotechnology will bring enormous business to America.

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第4题

What will be one effect of the new biotechnology on plants？A．They will grow anywhere in th

What will be one effect of the new biotechnology on plants？

A．They will grow anywhere in the world.

B．Some will be able to grow in salty soils.

C．They will become poisonous to pests.

D．Using nitrogen from the air they will be able to cress fertilize.

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第5题

As an industry, biotechnology stands to______ electronics in dollar volume and perhaps sur

pass it in social impact by 2020.

A．contend

B．overtake

C．rival

D．strive

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第6题

The overall effect of this passage is likely to make the reader feel ______.A．enthusiastic

The overall effect of this passage is likely to make the reader feel ______.

A．enthusiastic about biotechnology

B．very worry about genetic engineering

C．reluctant to try new plant combinations

D．alarmed about limitless experiment

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第7题

We can infer from the first paragraph that ______.A．BBSRC is not in favor of GE biotechnol

We can infer from the first paragraph that ______.

A．BBSRC is not in favor of GE biotechnology

B．Lord Sainsbury is a well-known scientist himself

C．most supermarkets in Britain sell GE foods

D．Burke is not aware of public ignorance about GE foods

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第8题

Passage Two Modern humans emerged some 250,000 years ago, yet agriculture is a fairly

recent invention, only about 10,000 years old. Many crop plants are rather new additions to our diet: broccoli (a flowering mutant of kale) is thought to be only 500 years old. Most innovation is far more recent still. Although Austrian monk Gregor Mendel's pea plant experiments quietly laid the basic foundations of genetics in the mid-19th century, his work was rediscovered and applied to crop breeding only at the beginning of the 20th century. Further advances have steadily accumulated. The 1940s saw the identification of DNA as genetic material and the adoption, by commercial breeders, of genetic modification - typically by applying chemicals or radiation to DNA to try to make plants with advantageous characteristics. The modifications ultimately led to the green revolution of the 1960s and 1970s, during which time global wheat yields tripled. The 1980s and 1990s saw the commercial adoption of agricultural biotechnology, which has allowed breeders to introduce specific genes into crops from the same or different species. In 2004 the first plant genome was fully sequenced, and since then the number of plant gene sequences in GenBank, the public repository for gene sequence information, has been doubling every two years. Our knowledge is increasing exponentially, as it has been in other fields such as semiconductors and cellular telephony. Our challenge is to increase agricultural yields while decreasing the use of fertilizer, water, fossil fuels and other negative environmental inputs. Embracing human ingenuity and innovation seems the most likely path. Plants did not evolve to serve humans, and their sets of genes are incomplete for our purposes. The integral role of modifying genes is obvious to all breeders, though sometimes painfully absent from the public's understanding of how modern agriculture succeeds. All breeding techniques, from before Mendel's time until today, exploit modifications to plant DNA. These modifications can take the form. of mistakes or mutations that occur during natural cell division in the wild; the natural but random movement of DNA sequences from one part of a plant's genome to another; or the more precise insertion of known gene sequences using biotechnology. In all these cases, plant genes are moved within or across species, creating novel combinations. Hybrid genetics - the combination of different versions of the same gene – has resulted in spectacular yield increases. Largely as the consequence of using hybrid seed varieties, corn yields in the U.S. have increased more than 500 percent in the past 70 years. Questions 6-10 are based on Passage Two.

(1)Which statement is correct according to paragraph one？

A、Broccoli was first bred by Mendel

B、Broccoli wasn’t considered edible until 500 years ago

C、Mendel's work was considered most important in the history of genetics

D、Mendel’s study found its major application some 100 years ago

(2)What was cited as a result of the green revolution？

A、Sharp rise in worldwide wheat production

B、Extensive use of organic fertilizer

C、Large-scale adoption of genetic modification

D、Commercial success of genetically modified seeds.

(3)Which statement is true of GenBank according to the passage？

A、The number of gene sequences has doubled since its foundation

B、The commercial breeders are its main sponsors

C、It is a genetic sequence database

D、It was founded in 2004

(4)It can be learned from the passage that the significance of genetic modification is ______.

A、questioned by some critics

B、poorly conveyed to the public

C、appreciated by all breeders

D、fully understood only by scientists

(5)The word “novel” in paragraph three is closest in meaning to ______.

A、artificial

B、various

C、hybrid

D、new

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第9题

The third paragraph implies that______.A．genetic scientists don't go far enough into their

The third paragraph implies that______.

A．genetic scientists don't go far enough into their research on safety concerns of genetically-modified food

B．at present biotechnology does not grow healthily

C．molecular geneticists cooperate with biotech companies

D．the government should be fully responsible for people's health

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第10题

Organic farmers had fought to prevent genetically-engineered crops from being【C1】______org

anic, and it could【C2】______for them. Plants genetically【C3】______to resist insects and other pests【C4】______about 15-percent of United States crop production, but it has become a【C5】______15-percent. Several European countries are refusing to【C6】______genetically-engineered crops from the United States. Jim Skiff, president of the Illinois-based company US Soy, says his company will not grow crops with genetically modified organisms, known as GMO for short.

But the biotechnology industry is fighting back. Here's an advertisement produced by the Washington-based Council for Biotechnology Information. The biotech industry received a(n)【C7】______in April,【C8】______a National Academy of Sciences report【C9】______that GMO crops appear to be safe. GMO supporters called the report proof【C10】______fears of these crops are【C11】______, while critics called the report proof that the【C12】______risk of GMO crops are not【C13】______known.

Some companies are avoiding GMO crops in their products just to【C14】______the genetic-food fight【C15】______. Jim Schillinger of Iowa-based Whole Soy says his【C16】______of soy-based foods will not include genetically-engineered beans. Agriculture officials in the Midwest United States say it appears farmers are planting fewer【C17】______of GMO soybeans and corn this year, though they say this is probably a【C18】______situation until the controversy【C19】______A survey conducted by the Food Marketing Institute suggests 63-percent of American【C20】______are likely to buy genetically-engineered foods. That is down from 77-percent four years ago.

【C1】

A．credited

B．certified

C．specified

D．illustrated

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