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[主观题]

Researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best ways to make an imp

ortant decision, such as choosing a university to attend or a business to invest in, involves the utilization of a decision worksheet. Psychologists who study optimization compare the actual decisions made by people to theoretical ideal decisions to see how similar they are. Proponents of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal, that is, the best decisions. Although there are several variations on the exact format that worksheets can take, they are all similar in their essential aspects. Worksheets require defining the problem in a clear and concise way and then listing all possible solutions to the problem. Next, the pertinent considerations that will be affected by each decision are listed, and the relative importance of each consideration or consequence is determined. Each consideration is assigned a numerical value to reflect its relative importance. A decision is mathematically calculated by adding these values together. The alternative with the highest number of points emerges as the best decision.

Since most important problems are multifaceted, there are several alternatives to choose from, each with unique advantages and disadvantages. One of the benefits of a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is that it permits people to deal with more variables than their minds can generally comprehend and remember. On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once. A worksheet can be especially useful when the decision involves a large number of variables with complex relationships. A realistic example for many college students is the question "What sill I do after graduation？" A graduate might seek a position that offers specialized training, pursue an advanced degree, or travel abroad for a year.

A decision-making worksheet begins with a succinct statement of the problem that will also help to narrow it. It is important to be clear about the distinction between long range and immediate goals because long-range goals often involve a different decision than short range ones. Focusing on long-range goals, a graduating student might revise the question above to "What will I do after graduation that will lead to successful career？"

What does the passage mainly discuss？

A．A method to assist in making complex decisions.

B．A comparison of actual decisions and ideal decisions.

C．Research on how people make decisions.

D．Differences between long-range and short-range decision making.

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发布时间：2021-01-18
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更多“Researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best ways to make an imp”相关的问题

第1题

Passage 5Judging from recent surveys, most experts in sleep behavior. agree that there is

Passage 5

Judging from recent surveys, most experts in sleep behavior. agree that there is virtually an epidemic of sleepiness in the nation. “I can’t think of a single study that hasn’t found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to.” says Dr. David. The beginning of our sleep deficit crisis can be _1_ to the invention of the light bulb a century ago. From diary entries and other personal _2_ from the 18th and 19th centuries, sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night. By the 1950s and 1960s, that sleep schedule had been reduced _3_ to between 7.5 and 8 hours, and most people had to wake to an alarm clock. “People cheat on their sleep, and they don’t even _4_ they’re doing it,” says Dr. David. “They think they’re okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours, when they really need 7.5，8 or even more to feel ideally _5_.” Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep, researchers say, is the _6_ of the day. Whenever pressures from work, family, friends and community mount, many people consider sleep the least _7_ item on the agenda. “In our society, you’re considered dynamic if you say you only need 5.5 hours’ sleep. If you say you’ve got to get 8.5 hours, people think you lack _8_ and ambition.” To assess the _9_ of sleep deficit, researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them. “We’ve found that if you’re sleep-deprived, performance _10_,” says Dr. David. “Short-term memory is impaired, as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate.”

A) consequences

B) complexity

C) ingenious

D) dramatically

E) suffers

F) tracked

G) realize

H) expensive

I) slightly

J) traced

K) detaches

L) vigorous

M) inspiration

N) accounts

O) drive

第1空答案是：

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第2题

听力原文：It's common knowledge that music can have a powerful effect on our emotions. In f

听力原文： It's common knowledge that music can have a powerful effect on our emotions. In fact, since the 1930s, music therapists have relied on music to calm patients and help control pain. Now psychologists are confirming that music can also help relieve depression and improve concentration. For instance, in a recent study, 50 surgeons were given some high-stressed math problems to solve. They were divided into three groups: one worked in silence, and in another, the surgeons listened to music of their choice on headphones; the third group listened to classical music chosen by the researchers. The results of the study may surprise you. The doctors who got to choose their own music experienced less stress and scored better than the others. One possible explanation is that listening to the music you like stimulates Alfa waves in the brain, increases heart rate and expands breathing. That helps to reduce stress and sharpen concentration. Other research suggests a second relationship between music and the brain: By examining the blood of students after they listened to a variety of classical music selections, researchers found that some students showed a large increase in endorphin, a natural pain reliever. This supports what music therapists have known for years: Music can help revitalize or calm the patient.

(33)

A．Training given to music therapists.

B．How music prevents disease.

C．Studies on the benefits of music.

D．How musicians create music.

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第3题

Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems_________.（他们至

Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems_________.(他们至今还没有答案)

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第4题

根据下面资料，回答下列各题。 Small increases in temperature found to add power to storms in
the Atlantic. Hurricanes that form. in the Atlantic Ocean are expected to gain considerable strength as the global temperature continues to rise, a new study has found. Using modeling data focused on the conditions in which hurricanes form, a group of international researchers based at Beijing Normal University found that for every 1.8°F (1℃ )rise of the Earths temperature, the number of hurricanes in the Atlantic that are as strong or stronger than Hurricane Katrina will increase twofold to sevenfold. Hurricane strength is directly related to the heat of the water where the storm forms. More water vapor in the air from evaporating ocean water adds fuel to hurricanes that build strength and head toward land. Hurricane Katrina is widely considered the measure for a destructive storm, holding the maximum Category 5 designation for a full 24 hours in late August 2005. It lost strength as it passed over the Florida peninsula, but gained destructive power fight before colliding with New Orleans, killing more than 200 people and causing $ 80 billion in damage. The study points to a gradual increase of Katrina-like events. The warming experienced over the 20th century doubled the number of such debilitating(将人类摧垮的)storms. But the ongoing warming of the planet into the 21st century could increase the frequency of the worst kinds of storms by 700 percent, threatening coastlines along the Atlantic Ocean with muitiple Category 5 storms every year. "Our results support the idea that changes in regional sea surface temperatures is the primary cause of hurricane variability," said Aslak Girnstead, a researcher with the Center for Ice and Climate at the University of Copenhagen. The large impact of small sea-surface temperature increases was more than Girustead and his colleagues had anticipated. The entire study was published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Global temperatures have steadily increased, making the past decade the warmest on record. Earlier this year, climate researchers reported that the Earths temperatures have risen faster in the last century than at any point since the last ice age, 11,300 years ago. The primary cause, a couseusus of scientists has said, is the rising emissions of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane. Past hurricanes have supported the studys finding that global temperature rise is linked to more destructive storms. According to the National Center for Atmospheric Research, while the frequency of storms doesnt appear to have increased, the percentage of strong ones has risen sharply over the past few decades. The trend may be similar further back in time, but comprehensive hurricane data doesnt exist. According to the team of international researchers based at Beijing Normal University, the rise of the Earths temperature is likely to cause

A.the coming of ice age

B.more Katrina-like or worse hurricanes

C.less intense hurricanes

D.more greenhouse gases in the atmosphere

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第5题

With the world’s population estimated to grow from six to nine billion by 2050, researcher
s, businesses and governments are already dealing with the impact this increase will have on everything from food and water to infrastructure an jobs. Underlying all this 【S1】________ will be the demand for energy, which is expected to double over the next 40 years.

Finding the resources to meet this demand in a 【S2】________, sustainable way is the cornerstone of our nation’s energy security, and will be one of the major 【S3】________ of the 21st century. Alternative forms of energy --- bio-fuels, wind and solar, to name a few --- are 【S4】________ being funded and developed, and will play a growing 【S5】________ in the world’s energy supply. But experts say that, even when 【S6】________, alternative energy sources will likely meet only about 30% of the world’s energy needs by 2050.

For example, even with 【S7】________ investments, such as the $93 million for wind energy development 【S8】________ in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, important alternative energy sources such as wind and bio-fuels 【S9】________ only about 1% of the market today. Energy and sustainability experts say the answer to our future energy needs will likely come from a lot of 【S10】________ --- both traditional and alternative.

A stable B solutions C significant D role E progress

F marvelous G included H growth I exactly J consist

K comprise L competitions M combined N challenges O certainly

【S1】

【S2】

【S3】

【S4】

【S5】

【S6】

【S7】

【S8】

【S9】

【S10】

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！

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第6题

Researchers assumed that self-driving cars may be a threat to ______.A．the transportation

Researchers assumed that self-driving cars may be a threat to ______.

A．the transportation industry

B．our safety on the road

C．vehicle production

D．our employment

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第7题

The way a lot of researchers use to study anxiety is by ______.

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第8题

The researchers tend to suggest that we should be______in socializing.

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第9题

Teenagers are different from people of other age grou
ps. The differences can be 18) from how they behave. In fact, the brains of teenagers are very different from those of children or adults.

Once people believed it was 19) that the human brain was fully developed by the age of three. According to this theory, teenager behaviors like risk-taking, a lack of sensitivity to how their actions 20)both themselves and others, increased aggressive deeds, 21) concentration and a negative attitude were thought to be due to bad parenting or changes in body chemistry.

However, new technology has allowed researchers to examine the healthy brain at work. What they have discovered is something 22) : Not only does the brain continue to grow beyond the age of three, but the research also23) that the brain of a teenager is larger than that of an adult.

As teen brains are 24) with chemicals during adolescence phase, the brain grows. However, only the cells that are used the most will 25) the competition within the brain. Those that are used less begin to die off until the brain reaches what will be its adult size.

The way that teens spend their time 26) influences which connections remain and which disappear. On the basis of this knowledge, experts advise parents to be 27) on how their teenagers spend their time. What teens do today will affect their brains for the rest of their lives.

A) diminished

B) demonstrated

C) alert

D) radical

E) surrender

F) survive

G) affirms

H) afford

I) affect

J) effect

K) soaked

L) soaped

M) sensitive

N) sensible

O) somehow

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第10题

Fruits, such as watermelon, red grapefruit, and guava, are now exciting the interest of re
searchers because______.

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