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[主观题]

Cambridge University closed down in the summer of 1665 when the plague broke out. New ton,

a student there, went home to Lincolnshire. He stayed home for two years while the disease ran its course in the area around London. The 23-year-old Newton spent that time studying and laying the foundations for his greatest work, the Principia. One day he sat thinking in his garden, when an apple fell. Then he realized that the direction the apple fell, along with every other object on this round earth, was always toward Earth's center. It wasn't just that the apple fell, but that it tried to go to Earth's center. That was Newton's eureka moment. He realized that Earth had drawn the apple to it. He realized that every object in the universe draws every other object— probably in proportion to its mass. Newton didn't publish his Principia until 20 years later. But he formulated the Law of Universal Gravitation (LUG) there in his Lincolnshire garden. He showed us that was true of planets and moons as well.

Now enters a surprising character. The person who popularized the apple story, was none other than the well-known French writer and philosopher Voltaire. Due to his outspoken views, in 1726 he was forcibly exiled to England where he spent the next three years. Newton died in 1727 so Voltaire would have been familiar with the many discoveries made by him. Voltaire was also acquainted with Newton's niece, Catherine Barton. Newton was a bachelor and she had a greed to manage his London home; therefore she would have been familiar with the apple story, which she related to Voltaire.

Voltaire sided with Newton in Newton's bitter fights with Leibnitz. In Candide, Voltaire ridiculed Leibnitz. The character Dr.Pangloss, who went about insisting that we live in the "best of all possible worlds", was Voltaire's version of Leibnitz.

We might chalk Vohaire's apple story up to "partisan license". But it' you've ever done anything creative, you'll recognize the plausibility of the apple story. You'll remember your own moment when some small and commonplace event revealed a great troth to you. That's the way creativity works.

Which of the following is true about Newton's Principia？

A．Newton was motivated to write the Principia after he saw the apple fell.

B．The Law of Universal Gravitation was originally included in the Principia.

C．Newton began to form. the idea of the Principia when he was a college student.

D．The Law of Universal Gravitation was formulated long before the Principia.

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发布时间：2020-10-08
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更多“Cambridge University closed down in the summer of 1665 when the plague broke out. New ton,”相关的问题

第1题

Business English Certificate is a kind of examination in English as a foreign language （） by National Education Examination Centre authorized by University of Cambridge Local Examination Syndicate.

A.carried on

B.went on

C.carried out

D.taken up

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第2题

What makes Dr. Seamus Burns' device special is ______.A．the Cambridge University basementB

What makes Dr. Seamus Burns' device special is ______.

A．the Cambridge University basement

B．the usage of plastic materials

C．the usage of hard glass

D．its low price and lightweight

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第3题

Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard as its vice-chancellor chiefly becauseA．she

Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard as its vice-chancellor chiefly because

A．she was known to be good at raising money

B．she could help strengthen its ties with Yale

C．she knew how to attract students overseas

D．she had boosted Yale's academic status

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第4题

听力原文："Where is the university？" is a question many visitors to Cambridge ask, but no o

听力原文： "Where is the university？" is a question many visitors to Cambridge ask, but no one could point them in any one direction because there is no campus. The university consists of thirty - one self - governing colleges. It has lecture halls, libraries, laboratories, museums and offices throughout the city.

Individual colleges choose their own students, who have to meet the minimum entrance requirements set by the university. Undergraduates usually live and study in their colleges, where they are taught in very small groups. Lectures, and laboratory and practical work are organized by the university and held in university buildings.

The university has a huge number of buildings for teaching and research. It has more than sixty specialist subject libraries, as well as the University Library, which, as a copyright library, is entitled to a copy of every book published in Britain.

Examinations are set and degrees are awarded by the university. It allowed women to take the university exams in 1881, but it was not until 1948 that they ,were a warded degrees.

(33)

A．Because there are no signs to direct them.

B．Because no tour guides are available.

C．Because all the buildings in the city look alike.

D．Because the university is everywhere in the city.

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第5题

听力原文： Right up to the 19th century. （32)Oxford and Cambridge were the only two univers

听力原文： Right up to the 19th century. (32)Oxford and Cambridge were the only two universities in England. Royal patronage and aristocratic money confirmed them in their position, and attempts to found new universities elsewhere all met with failure. A large number of provincial universities were established following their lead, these are the so-called "Redbrick universities". Many of them were dependent on older universities at first, especially the University of London, but soon they became independent and began giving their own degrees. (33)Many also became well-known for their excellence in a particular subject and could offer a better course to students taking that subject than was available anywhere else in the country. After this first rapid increase m numbers and distribution the number of English universities remained the same for nearly 40 years. But by the 1960s a new postwar generation had grown up. (34)Due to an increase in the birth rate following the Second World War, the school going population was bigger than ever before. Secondary education was better and the school leaving age her. Naturally the demand for university places became greater, and the government responded with an ambitious university building plan. Seven new universities were planned built and opened their doors to a new generation of students between 196t and 1965. (35) It was the greatest single expansion of higher education that England has ever known.

(33)

A．Because there were not enough students enrolled in more than one university.

B．Because Oxford and Cambridge were the most important cities.

C．Because only Oxford and Cambridge were supported by royal patronage.

D．Because Parliament only supported Oxford and Cambridge.

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第6题

听力原文：Right up to the 19th Century, Oxford and Cambridge were the only two universities

听力原文： Right up to the 19th Century, Oxford and Cambridge were the only two universities in England. Royal patronage and aristocratic money confirmed them in their position, and attempts to found new universities elsewhere all met with failure. In the 19th century, however, other universities were at last established, though by private efforts and not through government policy. The first was in London, then in Durham and Manchester.

The new universities deliberately challenged Oxford and Cambridge by choosing to study subjects like modem languages and English literature, which were not taught in the old universities. They got less influence from the established church and welcomed Catholics and even non Christians such as Jews as students. A larger number of provincial universities were established following their lead; these are the so-called "Redbrick" universities. Many of them were dependent on older universities at first, especially the University of London, but soon they became independent and began giving their own degrees. Many also became well known for their excellence in a particular subject and could offer a better course to students taking that subject than was available anywhere else in the country. After this first rapid increase in numbers and distribution, the number of English universities remained the same for nearly 40 years.

But by the 1960s a new post-war generation had grown up. Due to an increase in the birthrate following the Second World War, the school-going population was bigger than ever before. Secondary education was better and the school leaving age became higher. Naturally the demand for university places became greater, and the government responded with an ambitious university building plan. Seven new universities were planned and built, and opened their doors to the new generation of students between 1961 and 1965. It was the greatest single expansion of higher education that England has ever known.

(33)

A．Because the Parliament only supported Oxford and Cambridge.

B．Because only Oxford and Cambridge were supported by royal patronage and aristocratic money.

C．Because Oxford and Cambridge were the most important cities in England.

D．Because there were not enough students to be enrolled in more than two universities.

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第7题

根据下列材料，请回答： Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology are top of a gl
obal league table of university reputation-in a top 100 (36)__________ by U.S. institutions. Cambridge and Oxford make the top 10-but other U.K. universities have(37) __________while Asian institutions have risen. The rankings are based on the (38)__________ of 17,000 academics. This list is an attempt to (39) ____________ the elusive but important quality of "reputation" in higher education-with its (40)__________based on theopinions of academics around the world. The first such (41)__________by the Times Higher Education magazine, published last year, had the sametop five as this year-with the two Boston-based (42)__________ , Harvard and MIT, in first and second place. Cambridge was once again the highest ranking U.K. university in third place, followed by Stanford andUniversity of California, Berkeley. But Phil Baty, editor of the Times Higher Education rankings, says there is an(43)__________ picture of U.K. universities downwards-with fewer in the top 100 and a decline for othersincluding Imperial College London and University College London. "Our global reputation as the home of outstanding universities has been hit," he said. (44) __________________________________________________,Japan, Singapore and South Korea. Relative to its size and population, (45)_______________________________________. Such rankings published by the Times Higher Education magazine do not have an official status, but(46)________________________________________, particularly a.s higher education hasbecome more globalized. 请在____36______处填上答案

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第8题

听力原文：When John Milton, writer of Paradise Lost, entered Cambridge University in 1625,

听力原文： When John Milton, writer of Paradise Lost, entered Cambridge University in 1625, he was already skilled in Latin after seven years of studying it as his second language at St. Paul's school, London. Like all English boys who prepared for college in grammar school, he had learned not only to read Latin but also to speak and write it fluently and correctly. His pronunciation of Latin was English, however, and seemed to have sounded strange to his friends when he later visited Italy.

Schoolboys gained their skill in Latin in a bitter way. They memorized rules to make learning by heart easier. They first made a word-for-word translation and then an idiomatic translation into English. As they increased their skill, they translated their English back into Latin without referring to the book and then compared their translation with the original. The schoolmaster was always at hand to encourage them.

After several years of study, the boys began to write compositions in imitation of the Latin writers they read. And as they began to read Latin poems, they began to write poems in Latin. Because Milton was already a poet at ten, his poems were much better than those painfully put together by other boys. During the seven years Milton spent at the university, he made constant use of his command of Latin. He wrote some excellent Latin poems which he published among his works in 1645.

(31)

A．How John Milton Wrote Paradise Lost.

B．How John Milton Became a Poet.

C．How John Milton Studied Latin.

D．How John Milton Became Famous.

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第9题

听录音，回答以下问题： Would-be language teachers everywhere have one thing in common: they
all want some recognition of their professional status and skills, and a job. The former 26 is obviously important on a personal level, but it is 27 if you are to have any chance of finding work. Ten years ago, the 28 was very different. In virtually every developing country, and in many developed countries as well, being a native English speaker was enough to 29 as an English teacher. Now employers will only look at teachers who have the knowledge, the skills and attitudes to teach English 30 The result of this has been to raise non-native English teachers to the same status as their 31 --something they have always deserved but seldom enjoyed. Non-natives are now happy—linguistic discrimination is a thing of the past. An ongoing research project, funded by the University of Cambridge, asked a sample of teachers, teacher educators and employers in more than 40 countries a question: whether they regard the native andnon-native speakers distinction as being at all important. "No" was the answer. They would 32 who the teachers were and where they came from. As long as 33 could teach and had the required level of English, it didnt matter. Thus, a new form. of discrimination--this time justified because it 34 the unqualified--liberated the linguistically oppressed. But the Cambridge project did more than just that: it 35 that the needs of native and non-native teachers are extremely similar. 26._________

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第10题

A controversy erupted in the scientific community in early 1998 over the use of DNA （deoxy

A controversy erupted in the scientific community in early 1998 over the use of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) fingerprinting in criminal investigations. DNA fingerprinting was introduced in 1987 as a method to identify individuals based on a pattern seen in their DNA, the molecule of which genes are made. DNA is present in every cell of the body except red blood cells. DNA fingerprinting has been used successfully in various ways, such as to determine paternity (父亲的身份) where it is not clear who the father of a particular child is. However, it is in the area of criminal investigations that DNA fingerprinting has potentially powerful and controversial uses.

DNA fingerprinting and other DNA analysis techniques have revolutionized criminal investigations by giving investigators powerful new tools in the attempt to prove guilt, not just establish innocence. When used in criminal investigations, a DNA fingerprint pattern from a suspect is compared with a DNA fingerprint pattern obtained from such material as hairs or blood found at the scene of a crime. A match between the two DNA samples can be used as evidence to convict a suspect.

The controversy in 1998 stemmed from a report published in December 1991 by population geneticists Richard C. Lewontin of Harvard University in Cambridge, Mass, and Daniel L. Hartl of Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Mo. Lewontin and Hartl called into question the methods to calculate how likely it is that a match between two DNA fingerprints might occur by chance alone. In particular, they argued that the current method Cannot properly determine the likelihood that two DNA samples will match because they came from the same individual rather than simply from two different individuals who are members of the same ethnic group. Lewontin and Hartl called for better surveys of DNA patterns.

In response to their criticisms, population geneticists Ranajit Chakraborty of the University of Texas in Dallas and Kenneth K. Kidd of Yale University in New Haven, Conn. , argued that enough data are already available to show that the methods currently being used are adequate. In January 1998, however, the Federal Bureau of investigation and laboratories that conduct DNA tests announced that they would collect additional DNA samples from various ethnic groups in an attempt to resolve some of these questions. And, in April, the National Academy of Sciences called for strict standards and system of accreditation (鉴定合格) for DNA testing laboratories.

Before DNA fingerprinting is used, suspects ______ .

A．would have to leave their fingerprints for further investigations

B．could easily escape conviction of guilt

C．would have to submit evidence for their innocence

D．could be convicted of guilt as well

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第11题

Controversy erupted in the scientific community in early 1992 over the use of DNA （deoxyri

Controversy erupted in the scientific community in early 1992 over the use of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)fingerprinting in criminal investigations. DNA fingerprinting was introduced in 1987 as a method to identify individuals based on a pattern seen in their DNA, the molecule of which genes are made. DNA is present in every cell of the body except red blood cells. DNA fingerprinting has been used successfully in various ways, such as to determine paternity where it is not clear who the father of a particular child is. However, it is in the area of criminal investigations that DNA fingerprinting has potentially powerful and controversial uses.

DNA fingerprinting and other DNA analysis techniques have revolutionized criminal investigations by giving investigators powerful new tools in the attempt to prove guilt, not just establish innocence. When used in criminal investigations, a DNA fingerprint pattern from a suspect is compared with a DNA fingerprint pattern obtained from such material as hairs or blood found at the scene of a crime. A match between the two DNA samples can be used as evidence to convict a suspect.

The controversy in 1992 stemmed from a report published in December 1991 by population geneticists Richard C. Lewontin of Harvard University in Cambridge, Mass., and Daniel L. Hartl of Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Mo. Lewontin and Hartl called into question the methods used to calculate how likely it is that a match between two DNA. fingerprints might occur by chance alone. In particular, they argued that the current method cannot properly determine the likelihood that two DNA samples will match because they came from the same individual rather than simply from two different individuals who are members of the same ethnic group. Lewontin and Hartlcalled for better surveys of DNA patterns within ethnic groups in order to determine whether the DNA fingerprinting methods are adequate.

In response to their criticisms, population geneticists Ranajit Chakraborty of the University of Texas in Dallas and Kenneth K. Kidd of Yale University in New Haven, Conn., argued that enough data are already available to show that the methods currently being used are adequate. In January 1992, however, the Federal Bureau of Investigation and laboratories that conduct DNA tests announced that they would collect additional DNA samples from various ethnic groups in an attempt to resolve some of these questions. And, in April, a National Academy of Sciences panel called for strict standards and system of accreditation for DNA testing laboratories.

When used in criminal investigation, DNA fingerprinting requires ______.

A．some blood of the suspect

B．prints of the suspect's fingers

C．hairs or blood found at the scene of the crime

D．both A and C

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