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[主观题]

Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage. The question of whether war is inev

itable is one which has concerned many of the world’s great writers. Before considering this question, it will useful to introduce some related concepts. Conflict, defined as opposition among social entities directed against one another is distinguished from competition, defined as opposition among social entities independently striving for some thing which is in inadequate supply. Competitors may not be aware of one another, while the parties to a conflict are. Conflict and vice of one another.

Opposition is thus contrasted with cooperation, the process by which social entities function in the service of one another. These definitions are necessary because it is important to emphasize that competition between individuals or groups is inevitable in a world of limited resources, but conflict is not. Conflict, nevertheless, is very likely to occur, and is probably an essential and desirable element of human societies.

Many authors have argued for the inevitability of war from the premise that in the struggle for existence among animal species, only the fittest survive. In general, however this struggle in nature’s competition, not conflict. Social animals, such as monkeys and cattle, fight to win or maintain leadership of the group. The struggle for existence occurs not in such fights but in the competition for limited feeding areas and for the occupancy of areas free from meet-eating animals. Those who fail in competition starve to death or become victims to other species. This struggle for existence does not resemble human war, but rather the competition of individuals for jobs, markets, and materials. The essence of the struggle is the competition for the necessities of life that are insufficient to satisfy all.

Among nations there is competition in developing resources trades, skills, and a satisfactory way of life. The successful nations grow and prosper; the unsuccessful decline. While it is true that this competition may induce efforts to expand territory at the expense of others, and thus lead to conflict, it cannot be said that war-like conflict among nations is inevitable, although competition is.

第26题：In the first paragraph, the author gives the definitions of some term in order to ________.

A) argue for the similarities between and human societies

B) smooth out the conflicts in human societies

C) distinguish between two kinds of opposition

D) summarize the that characteristic features of opposition and cooperation

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发布时间：2021-01-03
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更多“Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage. The question of whether war is inev”相关的问题

第1题

Passage Two:Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.A breakthrough （突破) in

Passage Two:Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.A breakthrough (突破) in the provision of energy from the sun for the European Economic Community (EEC) could be brought forward by up to two decades, if a modest increase could be provided in the EEC’s research effort in this field, according to the senior EEC scientists engaged in experiments in solar energy at EEC’s scientific laboratories at Ispra, near Milan.

The senior West German scientist in charge of the Community’s solar energy programme, Mr. Joachim Gretz, told journalists that at present levels of research spending it was most unlikely that solar energy would provide as much as three per cent of the Community’s energy requirements even after the year 2000. But he said that with a modest increase in the present＜ sums, devoted by the EEC to this work it was possible that the breakthrough could be achieved by the end of the next decade.

Mr. Gretz calculates that if solar energy only provided three per cent of the EEC’s needs, this could still produce a saving of about a billion pounds in the present bill for imported energy each year. And he believes that with the possibility of utilizing more advanced technology in this field it might be possible to satisfy a much bigger share of the Community’s future energy needs.

At present the EEC spends about $2.6 millions a year on solar research at Ispra, one of the EEC’s official joint research centres, and another $3 millions a year in indirect research with universities and other independent bodies.

第26题：The phrase “be brought forward” (Line 2, Para. 1) most probably means ________.

A) be expected

B) be completed

C) be advanced

D) be introduced

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第2题

Passage Four:Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.Violin prodigies （神童)

Passage Four:Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.Violin prodigies (神童), I learned, have come in distinct waves from distinct regions. Most of the great performers if the late 19th and early 20th centuries were born and brought up in Russia and Eastern Europe. I asked Isaac Stern, one of the world’s greatest violinists the reason for this phenomenon. “It is very clear,” he told me. “They were all Jews (犹太人) and Jews at the time were severely oppressed and ill-treated in that part of the world. They were not allowed into the professional fields, but they were allowed to achieve excellence on a concert stage.” As a result, every Jewish parent’s dream was to have a child in the music school because it was a passport to the West.

Another element in the emergence of prodigies, I found, is a society that values excellence in a certain field to nurture (培育) talent. Nowadays, the most nurturing societies seem to be in the Far East. “In Japan, a most competitive society, with stronger discipline than ours,” says Isaac Stem, children are ready to test their limits every day in many fields, including music. When Western music came to Japan after World War II, that music not only became part of their daily lives, but it became a discipline as well. The Koreans and Chinese as we know, are just as highly motivated as the Japanese.

That’s a good thing, because even prodigies must work hard. Next to hard work, biological inheritance plays an important role in the making of a prodigy. J. S. Bach, for example, was the top of several generations of musicians, and four of his sons had significant careers in music.

第26题：Jewish parents in Eastern Europe longed for their children to attend music school because ________.

A) it would allow them access to a better life in the West

B) Jewish children are born with excellent musical talent

C) they wanted their children to enter into the professional field

D) it would enable the family to get better treatment in their own country

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第3题

Did you ever have someone's name on the tip of your tongue and yet you were unable to reca
ll it？【21】this happens again, do not try to recall it. Do something【22】for a couple of minutes, and the name may come into your head. The name is there. Since you have met【23】person and learned his name. It only has to be dug out. The initial effort to recall【24】the mind for operation, but it is the subconscious【25】that go to work to dig up a dim memory. Forcing yourself to recall almost never helps because it doesn't loosen your memory; it only tightens it. Students find the preparatory method helpful【26】examinations. They read over the questions【27】trying to answer any of them. Then they answer first the ones【28】which they are most confident. Meanwhile, deeper mental activities in the subconscious mind are taking【29】; work is being done on the more difficult question. By the time the easier questions are answered, answers to the more difficult ones will usually begin to【30】into consciousness. It is often just a question of waiting for recall to come to the memory.

(61)

A．Whether

B．When

C．While

D．As

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第4题

Questions 26 to 28 are based on the conversation you have just heard.A．It is ente

Questions 26 to 28 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

A．It is entertaining.

B．It is a costly hobby.

C．It takes lots of time.

D．It requires training.

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第5题

26－28 Questions26 to 28 are based on the conversation you just heard.第26题：

26-28 Questions 26 to 28 are based on the conversation you just heard.

第26题：

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第6题

Questions 24 to 26 are based on the conversation you have just heard.第24题：A)2008 Olympic

Questions 24 to 26 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

第24题：

A)2008 Olympic Games. B)Opening Ceremonies.

C)Lighting the Olypmic Flames. D)Some hall games.

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第7题

Passage Four Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage. Exercise is one of

Passage Four Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.

Exercise is one of the few factors with a positive role in long-term maintenance of body weight.Unfortunately, that message

has not gotten through to the average American, who would rather try switching to "light" beer and low-calorie bread than increase physical exertion. The Centers for Disease Control, for example, found that fewer than one-fourth of overweight adults who were trying to shed pounds said they were combining exercise with their diet.

In rejecting exercise, some people may be discouraged too much by caloric-expenditure charts;for example, one would have to briskly walk three miles just to work off the 275 calories in one delicious Danish pastry (小甜饼). Even exercise professionals concede half a point here. "Exercise by itself is a very tough way to lose weight," says York Onnen, program director of the President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports.

Still, exercise's supporting role in weight reduction is vital. A study at the Boston University

Medical Center of overweight police officers and other public employees confirmed that those

who dieted without exercise regained almost all their old weight, while those who worked exercise

into their daily routine maintained their new weight.

If you have been sedentary (极少活动的 ) and decide to start walking one mile a day, the

added exercise could burn an extra 100 calories daily. In a year's time, assuming no increase in

food intake, you could lose ten pounds. By increasing the distance of your walks gradually and

making other dietary adjustments, you may lose even more weight.

26. What is said about the average American in the passage？

A．They tend to exaggerate the healthful effect of “light” beer

B．They usually ignore the effect of exercise on losing weight

C．They prefer “light” beer and low-calorie bread to other drinks and food

D．They know the factors that play a positive role in keeping down body weight

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第8题

听力原文：On Feb 15th, 1989, an instant survey was carried out among 18 overseas postgradua

听力原文： On Feb 15th, 1989, an instant survey was carried out among 18 overseas postgraduate students. Eleven students were male and seven were female. The purpose of the survey was to discover the views of the students on a number of matters of personal concern. The survey was conducted by means of a questionnaire given to the students to complete. There were five questions. The first question concerned favorite color and the .second favorite number. The next 3 questions were all concerned with aspects of marriage. No. 3 looked at the ideal age to get married, No. 4 examined the qualities looked for in a partner and No. 5 asked about the ideal number of children. The main findings were as follows: Blue was the most popular color. This was followed by Green and Purple. There was no real significance in the choice of lucky numbers. About one third of the students said that they had none. Sixty-one percent of the students selected the age group 26 to 30 years as ideal for marriage, followed by 21 to 25 years. In looking for the most important qualities in an ideal partner, someone hoped the person to be Intelligent, others chose Natural, and still others indicated Attractive and Honest. The ideal number of children was 2, followed by 3. It is not easy to reach any definite conclusions based upon such a small sample of students from such widely different backgrounds. However, it is clear that majority favorite of 26 to 30 is the ideal age to get married with an intelligent partner, thereby producing 2 children.

(23)

A．Personal matters.

B．Social problems.

C．Family planning.

D．Family relations.

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第9题

听力原文：On 15th, Feb 1989 an instant survey was carded out among 18 overseas postgraduate

听力原文： On 15th, Feb 1989 an instant survey was carded out among 18 overseas postgraduate students. 11 students were male and 7 were female. The purpose of the survey was to discover the views of the students on a number of matters of personal concern. The survey was conducted by means of a questionnaire given to the students to complete. There were 5 questions. The first question concerned favorite color and the second favorite number. The next 3 questions were all concerned with aspects of marriage. No. 3 looked at the ideal age to get married, No. 4 ex mined the qualities looked for in a partner and No. 5 asked about the ideal number of children. The main findings were as follows. Blue was the most popular color. This was followed by Green and Purple. There was no real significance in the choice of lucky number. About one third of the students said that they had none. Sixty-one percent of the students selected the age group 26 to 30 years as ideal for marriage, followed by 21 to 25 years. In looking at the most important qualities in an ideal partner, someone hoped the person to be Intelligent, others chose Natural, still others indicated Attractive and Honest. The ideal number of children was 2, followed by 3. It is not easy to reach any del mite conclusions based upon such a small sample of students from such widely different backgrounds. However, it is clear that the majority favoried 26 to 30 as the ideal age to get married with an intelligent partner, producing 2 children.

(33)

A．18 American undergraduates.

B．18 overseas undergraduates,

C．18 American postgraduates.

D．18 overseas postgraduates.

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第10题

Passage Two Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage. When it comes to sing

Passage Two Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.

When it comes to singling out those who have made a difference in all our lives, you cannot overlook Henry Ford. A historian a century from now might well conclude that it was Ford who most influenced all manufacturing, everywhere, even to this day, by introducing a new way to make cars — one, strange to say, that originated in slaughterhouses.

Back in the early 1900’s, slaughterhouses used what could have been called a “disassembly line”. Ford reversed this process to see if it would speed up production of a part of an automobile engine called a magneto (磁发电机). Rather than have each worker completely assemble a magneto, one of its elements was placed on a conveyer, and each worker, as it passed, added another component to it, the same one each time. Professor David Hounshell of the University of Delaware, an expert on industrial development, tells what happened:

“The previous day, workers carrying out the entire process averaged one assembly every 20 minutes. But on that day, on the line, the assembly team averaged one every 13 minutes and 10 seconds per person.”

Within a year, the time had been reduced to five minutes. In 1913, Ford went all the way. Hooked together by ropes, partially assembled vehicles were towed past workers who completed them one piece at a time. It wasn’t long before Ford was turning out several hundred thousand cars a year, a remarkable achievement then. And so efficient and economical was this new system that he cut the price of his cars in half, to $260, putting them within reach of all those who, up until that time, could not afford them. Soon, auto makers all over the world copied him. In fact, he encouraged them to do so by writing a book about all of his innovations, entitled Today and Tomorrow. The Age of the Automobile had arrived. Today, aided by robots and other forms of automation, everything from toasters to perfumes is made on assembly lines.

第27题：In Paragraph 1, the author gives a historian’s statement about Henry Ford to show _________.

A) Henry Ford is quite popular with historians

B) historians are quite interested in Henry Ford

C) Henry Ford’s influence on history can hardly be ignored

D) manufacturing is among the subjects of historians’ study

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第11题

回答题 Graphics are used in textbooks as part of the language of the discipline, as in mat

回答题

Graphics are used in textbooks as part of the language of the discipline, as in math or economics, or as study aids．Authors use graphic aids to （26）and expand on concepts taken up in the text because graphics are yet another way of portraying relationships and （27）connections．

Graphics are used extensively in natural sciences and social sciences．Social scientists work with statistics （28）data, and the best way to present these statistics is often in graphic form．Graphics are included- not merely as a means of making the information easier for the student to grasp, but as an integral part of the way social scientists think．Many textbooks, （29）those in economics, contain

appendixes that provide specific information on reading and working with graphic material．

Make it a practice to （30）attentively the titles, captions, headings, and other material connected with graphics．These elements （31） and usually explain what you are looking at．When you are examining graphics, the （32）questions to ask are (a．)What is this item about？ and (b．)What

key idea is the author （33）？

One warning: Unless you integrate your reading of graphics with the text, you may make a wrong assumption．（34） , from a chart indicating that 33 percent of firstborn children in a research sample did not feel close to their fathers, you might assume that some dreadful influence was at work on the firstborn children．However, a careful reading of the text （35）that most of the firstborn children in the sample were from single-parent homes in which the father was absent．

第（26）题 查看材料

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