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[主观题]

Biotech firms have not much interest in the developing world market because______.A．runnin

Biotech firms have not much interest in the developing world market because______.

A．running business there needs much in distribution

B．farmers there are too poor to buy their products

C．these firms want to keep their technology secret

D．farmers there don't like genetically modified crops

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发布时间：2020-12-24

更多“Biotech firms have not much interest in the developing world market because______.A．runnin”相关的问题

第1题

根据下面材料，回答第 31～35 题： In 2010. a federal judge shook America's biotech indust

根据下面材料，回答第 31～35 题：

In 2010. a federal judge shook America's biotech industry to its core. Companies had won patents for isolated DNA for decades-by 2005 some 20% of human genes were parented. But in March 2010 a judge ruled that genes were unpatentable. Executives were violently agitated. The Biotechnology Industry Organisation (BIO), a trade group, assured members that this was just a “preliminary step” in a longer battle.

On July 29th they were relieved, at least temporarily. A federal appeals court overturned the prior decision, ruling that Myriad Genetics could indeed hold patents to two genes that help forecast a woman's risk of breast cancer. The chief executive of Myriad, a company in Utah, said the ruling was a blessing to firms and patients alike.

But as companies continue their attempts at personalised medicine, the courts will remain rather busy. The Myriad case itself is probably not over. Critics make three main arguments against gene patents: a gene is a product of nature, so it may not be patented; gene patents suppress innovation rather than reward it; and patents' monopolies restrict access to genetic tests such as Myriad's. A growing number seem to agree. Last year a federal task-force urged reform. for patents related to genetic tests. In October the Department of Justice filed a brief in the Myriad case, arguing that an isolated DNA molecule “is no less a product of nature... than are cotton fibres that have been separated from cotton seeds.”

Despite the appeals court's decision, big questions remain unanswered. For example, it is unclear whether the sequencing of a whole genome violates the patents of individual genes within it. The case may yet reach the Supreme Court.

AS the industry advances, however, other suits may have an even greater impact. Companies are unlikely to file many more patents for human DNA molecules - most are already patented or in the public domain .firms are now studying how genes interact, looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of disease or predict a drug’s efficacy. Companies are eager to win patents for ‘connecting the dots’, explains Hans Sauer, a lawyer for the BIO.

Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue, brought by the Mayo Clinic, which the Supreme Court will hear in its next term. The BIO recently held a convention which included sessions to coach lawyers on the shifting landscape for patents. Each meeting was packed.

第 31 题 It can be learned from paragraph I that the biotech companies would like______

A．their executives to be active

B．judges to rule out gene patenting

C．genes to be patentable

D．the BIO to issue a warning

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第2题

根据以下内容，回答下列各题。 Genetically Modified Foods--Feed the World？ [A] Ifyou want to s

park a heated debate at a dinner party, bring up the topic about genetically modifiedfoods. For many people, the concept of geneticallyaltered, high-tech crop production raises all kinds of environmental, health, safetyand ethical questions. Particularly in countries with long agrariantraditions--and vocal green lobbies--the idea seems against nature. [B] Infact, genetically modified foods are already very much a part of our lives. Athird of the corn and more than half the soybeans and cotton grown in the U. S. last year were the product of biotechnology,according to the Department of Agriculture. More than 65 million acres ofgenetically modified crops will be planted in the U. S. this year. The geneticis out of the bottle. [C] Yetthere are clearly some very real issues that need to be resolved. Like any newproduct entering the food chain, genetically modified foods must be subjectedto rigorous testing. In wealthy countries,the debate about biotech is tempered by the fact that we have a rich array offoods to choose from--and a supply that far exceeds our needs. In developingcountries desperate to feed fast-growing and underfed populations; the issue issimpler and much more urgent: Do the benefits of biotech outweigh the risks？ [D] Thestatistics on population growth and hunger are disturbing. Last year theworlds population reached 6 billion. And by 2050, the UN estimates, it will beprobably near 9 billion. Almost all that growth will occur in developingcountries. At the same time, the worlds available cultivable land per personis declining. Arable land has declined steadily since 1960 and will decrease byhalf over the next 50 years, according to the International Service for theAcquisition of Agri-Biotech Applications (ISAAA). How can biotech help？ [E]Biotechnologists have developed genetically modified rice that is fortifiedwith beta-carotene(β-胡萝卜素)--which the body converts into vitaminA--and additional iron, and they are working on other kinds of nutritionallyimproved crops. Biotech can also improve farming productivity in places where foodshortages are caused by crop damage attribution to pests, drought, poor soiland crop viruses, bacteria or fungi (真菌 ). [F]Damage caused by pests is incredible. The European corn borer, for example,destroys 40 million tons of the-worlds corn crops annually, about 7% of thetotal. Incorporating pest-resistant genes into seeds can help restore thebalance. In trials of pest-resistant cotton in Africa, yields have increased significantly.So far, fears that genetically modified, pest-resistant crops might kill goodinsects as well as bad appear unfounded. [G]Viruses often cause massive failure in staple crops in developing countries.Two years ago, Africa lost more than half its cassava (树薯) crop--a key source ofcalories-to the mosaic virus (花叶病毒).Geneticallymodified, virus-resistant crops can reduce that damage, as can drought-tolerantseeds in regions where water shortages limit the amount of land under cultivation.Biotech can also help solve the problem of soil that contains excess aluminum,which can damage roots and cause many staple-crop failures. A gene that helpsneutralize aluminum toxicity (毒性) in rice has beenidentified. Many scientists believe biotech could raise overall cropproductivity in developing countries as much as 25% and help prevent the lossof those crops after they are harvested. [H]Yetfor all that promise, biotech is far from being the whole answer. In developingcountries, lost crops are only one cause of hunger. Poverty plays the largestrole. Today more than 1 billion people around the globe live on less than 1dollar a day. Making genetically modified crops available will not reducehunger if farmers cannot afford to grow them or if the local population cannotafford to buy the food those farmers produce. [I]Biotech has its own "distribution" problems. Private-sector biotechcompanies in the rich countries carry out much of the leading-edge research ongenetically modified crops. Their products are often too costly for poorfarmers in the developing world, and many of those products wont even reachthe regions where they are most needed. Biotech firms have a strong financialincentive to target rich markets first in order to help them rapidly recoup thehigh costs of product development. But some of these companies are respondingto needs of poor countries. [J] Moreand more biotech research is being carried out in developing countries. But toincrease the impact of genetic research on the food production of thosecountries, there is a need for better collaboration between governmentagencies--both local and in developed countries--and private biotech firms. TheISAAA, for example, is successfully partnering with the U. S. Agency for InternationalDevelopment, local researches and private biotech companies to find and deliverbiotech solutions for farmers in developing countries. Will"Franken-foods" feed the world？ [K]Biotechis not a panacea (治百病的药), but it does promise to transform. agriculture in many developingcountries. If that promise is not fulfilled, the real losers will be theirpeople, who could suffer for years to come. [L] Theworld seems increasingly to have been divided into those who favor geneticallymodified foods and those who fear them. Advocates assert that growinggenetically altered crops can be kinder to the environment and that eatingfoods from those plants is perfectly safe. And, they say, genetic engineering--whichcan induce plants to grow in poor soils or to produce more nutritious foods—willsoon become an essential tool for helping to feed the worlds burgeoning(迅速发展的) population. Skepticscontend that genetically modified crops could pose unique risks to theenvironment and to health--risks too troubling to accept placidly. Taking thatview, many European countries are restricting the cultivation and importationof genetically modified agricultural products. Much of the debate are concernedabout of safety. But what exactly does recent scientific research say about thehazards？ [M] Twoyears ago in Edinburgh, Scotland, eco-vandals stormed a field, crushing canolaplants. Last year in Maine, midnight raiders hacked down more than 3,000experimental poplar trees. And in San Diego, protesters smashed sorghum andsprayed paint over greenhouse walls. This far-flung outrage took aim atgenetically modified crops. But the protests backfired: all the destroyedplants were conventionally bred. In each case, activists mistook ordinaryplants for genetically modified varieties. [N] Itseasy to understand why. In a way, genetically modified crops--now on some 109million acres of farmland worldwide--are invisible. You cant see, taste ortouch a gene inserted into a plant or sense its effects on the environment. Youcant tell, just by looking, whether pollen containing a foreign gene canpoison butterflies or fertilize plants miles away. That invisibility isprecisely what worries people. How, exactly, will genetically modified cropsaffect the environment--and when will we notice？ [O]Advocates of genetically modified or transgenic crops say the plants willbenefit the environment by requiring fewer toxic pesticides than conventionalcrops. But critics fear the potential risks and wonder how big the benefits reallyare. "We have so many questions about these plants," remarks GuentherStotzky, a soft microbiologist at New York University. "Theres a lot wedont know and need to find out. "As genetically modified crops multiplyin the landscape, unprecedented numbers of researchers have started fanninginto the fields to get the missing information. Some of their recent findingsare reassuring; others suggest a need for vigilance. According to the UNs prediction, the population growth from now to 2050 is nearlyall in developing countries.

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第3题

Affiliate marketing strategies work for all firms that have banner ads.（)

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第4题

Retailers and marketing firms have found that______with people in the virtual world.

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第5题

What is the main idea of the passage？A．With the help of internet, customers have really be

What is the main idea of the passage？

A．With the help of internet, customers have really become kings now.

B．Only those firms reedy to serve customers like kings will survive.

C．More media choices are available to customers.

D．Firms can no longer cheat customers now.

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第6题

A.She may have to be fired for poor performance.B.She has developed some serious

A.She may have to be fired for poor performance.

B.She has developed some serious mental problem.

C.She is in charge of the firms budget planning.

D.She supervises a number of important projects.

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第7题

Financial markets improve economic welfare because______.A．they allow funds to move from t

Financial markets improve economic welfare because______.

A．they allow funds to move from those without productive investment opportunities to those who have such opportunities

B．they allow consumers to time their purchases better

C．they weed out inefficient firms

D．all of the above

E．both A and B

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第8题

Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachs's board as an outside director in January 2000; a year l

ater she became president of Brown University. For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both roles without attracting much criticism. But by the end of 2009 Ms. Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldman's compensation committee; how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked？ By February the next year Ms. Simmons had left the board. The position was just taking up too much time, she said.

Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful, yet less biased, advisers on a firm's board. Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere, they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executive's proposals. If the sky, and the share price, is falling, outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own crises.

The researchers from Ohio University used a database that covered more than 10, 000 firms and more than 64, 000 different directors between 1989 and 2004. Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next. The most likely reason for departing a board was age, so the researchers concentrated on those "surprise" disappearances by directors under the age of 70. They found that after a surprise departure, the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increases by nearly 20% . The likelihood of being named in a federal class-action lawsuit also increases, and the stock is likely to perform. worse. The effect tended to be larger for larger firms. Although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive, it does not mean that such directors are always jumping off a sinking ship. Often they "trade up, " leaving riskier, smaller firms for larger and more stable firms.

But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks, even if a review of history shows they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred. Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough times may have to create incentives. Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms. Simmons, once again very popular on campus.

According to Paragraph 1, Ms. Simmons was criticized for_________.

A．gaining excessive profits

B．failing to fulfill her duty

C．refusing to make compromises

D．leaving the board in tough times

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第9题

The Name GameEach year, business executives around the world struggle to find original and

The Name Game

Each year, business executives around the world struggle to find original and catchy names for their companies and their companies' products, According to business experts, these decisions are among the most important decisions that firms ever make. A name is the first point of contact that a company has with the world, and it can be an effective marketing tool. And respected names have value. When a company is sold, there is often a fee for transferring the company name to the new owners. The rights to the names Indian Motorcycles and Pan Am Airlines were sold years after those companies went bankrupt. Names are so important that some companies hire special naming firms that develop a list of names, test them at focus groups, screen them to be sure they are available, and then trademark the final selections. But how do firms decide on names？

Ways of playing the name game

Some companies cheese straightforward names. These may include the name or names of the founders (Proctor & Gamble, Hewlett Packard), the place where they first did business (Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing, Mutual of New York), or their primary products (General Electric, General Motors). To make a straightforward name memorable, though, is a challenge.

Some companies are mainly identified by initials. International Business Machines is almost universally called IBM, American Telephone and Telegraph has become AT&T, and Kentucky Fried Chicken has consciously chosen to be known as KFC. In some cases, though, it is not exactly clear what the initials stand for. The computer company NBI's initials stand for "Nothing But Initials." Or take the case of IKEA, the Swedish design firm: The initials IK come from the name of the founder, Ingvar Komrat. The E comes from the name of his family farm, Elmtaryd, and the A comes from the nearby town of Agunnaryd. Some firms create names by a process called "morpheme (词素)construction," first shortening and then fusing parts of the company's full names. For example, United Information Systems is generally referred to as Unisys and Federal Express as FedEx. FedEx saved money with its new name too: the shorter name cost $1,000 less to paint on each of the company's 10,000 trucks. Some companies use unusual spellings of common names: Cingular for Singular, Citibank for City Bank, and Sunkist for Sun Kissed.

Some companies choose names that are inspired by other company names. According to the founder of the Carnation evaporated-milk company, the name for his product was suggested, strangely enough, by a brand of cigars known as Carnations. Steve Jobs, founder of Apple Computers, was a Beatles fan, and he named his company after Apple Records, the label founded by the Beatles. This "borrowing" is perfectly legal as long as the two companies are not in the same line of business. (Reportedly, Steve Jobs had to sign an agreement not to produce records.) However, in some cases, company lawyers have said that use of their name, or even part of their name, results in "dilution" of the strength of that name, and they have sued other companies to prevent this. Toys-R-Us, for example, has tried to protect the "R-Us" portion of their name even when it has been applied to completely different products, such as cheese or flowers or guns, and McDonald's has tried to prevent companies from using the "Mc" prefix that has been used for many of their products.

Some firms have chosen names that have nothing to do with their business. Apple is not in the fruit business; it makes computers. Red pepper does not sell spices; it sells software. Domino's has nothing to do with games; it makes pizza. A number of companies have chosen off-the-wall or playful names for their products. There are those naming experts who warn against this, saying that consumers will not take these seriously, and in the case of Boo. com, they may have been fight:

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

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第10题

Directions : There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four c

hoices marked A, B, C and D on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

In recent years a new farming revolution has begun, one that involves the 1 of life at a fundamental level -- the gene. The study of genetics has 2 rise to a new industry calledBiotechnology. As the name suggests, it 3 biology and modern technology through such techniques as genetic engineering. Some of the new biotech companies specialize in agriculture and are working feverishly to 4 seeds that give a high yield, that 5 diseases, drought and frost, and that reduce the need for 6 chemicals. If such goals could be achieved, it would be most 7 . But some have raised concerns about genetically engineered crops.

In nature, genetic diversity is created within certain 8 ．A rose can be crossed with a different kind of rose，but a rose will never cross with a potato．Genetic engineering，on the other hand，usually 9 taking genes from one species and inserting them into another in a(n) 10 to transfer a desired characteristic．This could mean，for example，selecting a gene which leads to the production of a chemical with antifreeze 11 from an arctic fish，and inserting it into a potato or strawberry to make it frost—resistant．In 12 ，then，biotechnology allows humans to 13 the genetic walls that separate species．

Like the green revolution， 14 some call the gene revolution contributes to the problem of genetic uniformity—some say even more so 15 geneticists Can employ techniques such as cloning and 16 culture，processes that produce perfectly 17 copies．Concerns about the erosion of biodiversity，therefore，remain：Genetically altered plants，however，raise new 18 ， such as the effects that they may have on us and the environment．“We are flying blindly into a new 19 of agricultural biotechnology with high hopes，few constraints，and little idea of the potential 20 。”said science writer Jeremy Rifkin．

第 32 题

A．manufacture

B．management

C．manipulation

D．maturity

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