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更多“Languages ability to move the future to and fro in our mind might greatly influence our ju”相关的问题
第1题
A．grammatical structures
B．an ability to transfer ideas
C．their own sound patterns
D．the potential for expanding vocabulary
第2题
A.ability
B.capability
C.capacity
D.proficiency
第3题
It can be inferred from the second paragraph that ______.
A．the brain is not prepared for language learning before the age of ten months
B．speaking requires complex coordination of different body components
C．children above seven cannot learn two or more languages at the same time
D．the ability of speaking is independent from the ability of listening
第4题
听力原文： Most people think that the older you get, the harder it is to learn, a new language. That is, they believe that children can learn more easily and efficiently than adults. Thus, at some point in our lives, maybe around age 12 or 13, we lose the ability to learn languages well. Is this idea a fact or myth？
Is it true that children can learn a foreign language more efficiently than adults？ On the contrary, research studies suggest that the opposite may be true. One report, on 2,000 Danish children studying Swedish, concluded that the teenagers learned more in less time than the younger children. Another report on Americans learning Russian showed a direct improvement of ability over the age range tested; that is, the ability to learn increased as the age increased, from childhood to adulthood.
There are several possible explanations for these findings. First, adults know more about the world and therefore are able to understand meanings more easily than children. Moreover, adults can use logical thinking to help themselves see patterns in the language. Finally, adults have more self-control than children.
(30)
A．Teenagers are more efficient in learning.
B．Children learn languages more easily than adults.
C．Adults are more logical than children.
D．The ability to learn languages increases with age.
第5题
Many linguists believe that evolution is【C4】______ for our ability to produce and use language. They【C5】______ that our highly evolved brain provides us【C6】______ an innate language ability not found in lower【C7】______ . Proponents of this innateness theory say that our【C8】______ for language is inborn, but that language itself develops gradually,【C9】______ a function of the growth of the brain during childhood. Therefore there are critical【C10】______ times for language development.
Current【C11】______ of innateness theory are mixed, however, evidence supporting the existence of some innate abilities is undeniable.【C12】______ , more and more schools are discovering that foreign languages are best taught in【C13】______ grades. Young children often can learn several languages by being【C14】______ to them, while adults have a much harder time learning another language once the【C15】______ of their first language have become firmly fixed.
【C16】______ some aspects of language are undeniably innate, language does not develop automatically in a vacuum. Children who have been【C17】______ from other human beings do not possess language. This demonstrates that【C18】______ with other human beings is necessary for proper language development. Some linguists believe that this is even more basic to human language【C19】______ than any innate capacities. These theorists view language as imitative, learned behavior.【C20】______ , children learn language from their parents by imitating them. Parents gradually shape their child's language skills by positively reinforcing precise imitations and negatively reinforcing imprecise ones.
【C1】
A．generated
B．evolved
C．born
D．originated
第6题
听力原文： Being bilingual produces changes in the anatomy of the brain, scientists said recently. They said that could explain why children are so much better than adults at mastering a second language.
They found that people who speak two languages have more grey matter in the language region of the brain. Grey matter in the brain is made up of neurons, or nerve cells. The earlier people learned the language, the larger the grey area.
"The grey matter in this region increases in bilingual people compared to monolingual people. This is particularly true in people who learned a second language early in life," said Andrea Mechelli, a neuroscientist at University College London.
Learning another language after 35 years of age also alters the brain but the change is not as great as in early learners.
"It reinforces the idea that it is better to learn early rather than late because the brain is more capable of adjusting or accommodating new languages by changing structurally," Mechelli said. "This ability of the brain decreases with time."
Mechelli's team used structural brain images to compare the size of the grey matter in the brains of 25 monolingual people, 25 people who learned a second language before the age of five, and 33 late bilingual people.
However, the scientists do not know whether the change in bilingual people means there is an increase in the size of the cells, the number of cells or the connections between them.
(34)
A．Brain structure and mechanism.
B．Foreign language learning ability.
C．People's brain and second language learning.
D．Similarities and differences between adults and children in language learning.
第7题
听力原文： Some people think that the best time to begin studying a foreign language is in childhood and that the younger you are, the easier it is to learn another language. There is little evidence, however, that children in language classrooms learn foreign languages any better than people over age fifteen in similar classroom situations. In fact, adults have many advantages over children: better memories, more efficient ways of organizing information, longer attention spans, better study habits, and greater ability to handle complex mental tasks. Adults see learning a foreign language as necessary for education or career. In addition, they are particularly sensitive to correctness of grammar and appropriateness of vocabulary: two factors that receive much attention in most language classrooms.
You can indeed master a foreign language—as lots of adults do. The best time to learn a foreign language is when your need is the clearest and you have sufficient time. If you feel strongly the need to study a foreign language and if you have the time to do it, the best time to begin is now.
(30)
A．Better memories.
B．More efficient ways of organizing information.
C．Better study habits.
D．More working experience.
第8题
听力原文： Bill Gates was born in Seattle, Washington in 1955. He co-founded Microsoft in 1975 with Paul Allen, his high school friend and partner in computer-language development since 1967.
Fascinated by computers by the age of 12, Gates was involved with various programming projects throughout high school. While attending Harvard in 1975, Gates teamed with Allen to develop a version of the BASIC computer-programming language for the Altair, the first personal computer. As a result of this work on BASIC, Gates decided to drop out of Harvard in 1977 to work at Microsoft full-time, pursuing his vision of "a computer on every desk and in every home," the idea behind the company. In the early 1980s, Gates led Microsoft's evolution from a developer of programming languages to a diversified software company producing operating systems and applications software as well as programming tools. This transition began in 1981 with Microsoft's introduction of MS-DOS, the operating system for International Business Machines Corporation's new Personal Computer. Gates persuaded other computer manufacturers to standardize on MSDOS, fueling software compatibility and computer industry growth in the 1980s. Gates also pushed Microsoft to introduce application software, such as Microsoft Word word-processing software for the IBM PC. In a key strategic move, Gates agreed to develop application software for the Apple Macintosh prior to the release of the first Mac in 1984. This was the beginning of strong position for Microsoft in applications that take advantage of the graphical user interface.
Much of Gates' success rests on his ability to translate technical visions into market strategy, and to blend creativity with technical acumen. He is one of the few founding CEOs from the technical side of the PC industry who has also survived and thrived on the business side.
(33)
A．At the age of 20.
B．By the age of 12.
C．When he was at high school.
D．When he studied in Harvard University.
第9题
Questions 9～11 are based on the following passage.
Direction：In this part,you will have l5 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet l．For questions 2－8，choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A]，[B]，[C]and[D]．For questions 9—11，complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
Interpretation
Translation and interpretation are the ultimate jobs for people who love language. However，there are a lot of misunderstandings about these two fields，including the difference between them and what kind of skills and education they require．
For some reason．most laypeople refer to both translation and interpretation as“translation”.Although translation and interpretation share the common goal of taking information that is available in one language and converting it to another，they are in fact two separate processes. So what is the difference between translation and interpretation？ It’s very simple.Translation is written—it involves taking a written text(such as a book or an article) and translating it in writing into the target language．Interpretation is oral—it refers to listening to something spoken (a speech or phone conversation)and interpreting it orally into the target language. Incidentally，those who facilitate communication between hearing persons and deaf/hard-of-hearing persons are also known as interpreters．This might seem like a subtle distinction，but if you consider your own language skills．the odds are that your ability to read/write and listen/speak is not identical—you are probablv more skilled at one pair of the other．So translators are excellent writers，while interpreters have superior oral communication skills．In addition，spoken language is quite different from written ,which adds a further dimension to the distinction．Then there’s the fact that translators work alone to produce a translation，while interpreters work with two or more people/groups to provide an interpretation on the spot during negotiations，seminars，phone conversations，etc．
There are two types of interpretation：simultaneous and consecutive interpretation The main difference between them lies in the time lag between the original speech and the interpretation into the foreign language. Simultaneous is "continuous flow" whereas consecutive has a "stop-and-go"rhythm. It is comparable to the difference between doing consecutive and concurrent time.
Simultaneous is real-time interpreting: speakers talk as they normally would, without pause,as the interpreter .listens to one language and speaks in another, all at the same time (hence the term simultaneous), with the voices overlapping, though the speaker's voice is dominant and the interpreter whispers into a microphone. It is also known as U.N. style. interpreting. Simultaneous interpreting is the only way to provide a running rendition of everything said in the courtroom by judge, counsel, witnesses, etc., without requiting the original speaker to stop after every sentence. Few people can interpret simultaneously at a high level of accuracy (80% or better),regardless of their ability to speak the two languages in question. Simultaneous interpretation calls for concentration, mental flexibility, and wide-ranging vocabulary in both languages. Research has shown that 23 cognitive skills are involved in simultaneous interpreting. Current neurological research reveals that interpreting draws heavily upon both left-brain and right-brain functions.
Consecutive interpreting involves a pause between language conversions: first the interpreter listens to the entire original phrase or passage, then interprets it into the other language. This mode is used for Q&A of non-English speaking witnesses, and requires more waiting time. It is important for the interpreter not to be seen whispering to the witness, for that would convey intimacy or collusion to the jury. It is equally impor
第10题
Questions 2～6 are based on the following passage.
Direction：In this part,you will have l5 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet l．For questions 2－8，choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A]，[B]，[C]and[D]．For questions 9—11，complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
Interpretation
Translation and interpretation are the ultimate jobs for people who love language. However，there are a lot of misunderstandings about these two fields，including the difference between them and what kind of skills and education they require．
For some reason．most laypeople refer to both translation and interpretation as“translation”.Although translation and interpretation share the common goal of taking information that is available in one language and converting it to another，they are in fact two separate processes. So what is the difference between translation and interpretation？ It’s very simple.Translation is written—it involves taking a written text(such as a book or an article) and translating it in writing into the target language．Interpretation is oral—it refers to listening to something spoken (a speech or phone conversation)and interpreting it orally into the target language. Incidentally，those who facilitate communication between hearing persons and deaf/hard-of-hearing persons are also known as interpreters．This might seem like a subtle distinction，but if you consider your own language skills．the odds are that your ability to read/write and listen/speak is not identical—you are probablv more skilled at one pair of the other．So translators are excellent writers，while interpreters have superior oral communication skills．In addition，spoken language is quite different from written ,which adds a further dimension to the distinction．Then there’s the fact that translators work alone to produce a translation，while interpreters work with two or more people/groups to provide an interpretation on the spot during negotiations，seminars，phone conversations，etc．
There are two types of interpretation：simultaneous and consecutive interpretation The main difference between them lies in the time lag between the original speech and the interpretation into the foreign language. Simultaneous is "continuous flow" whereas consecutive has a "stop-and-go"rhythm. It is comparable to the difference between doing consecutive and concurrent time.
Simultaneous is real-time interpreting: speakers talk as they normally would, without pause,as the interpreter .listens to one language and speaks in another, all at the same time (hence the term simultaneous), with the voices overlapping, though the speaker's voice is dominant and the interpreter whispers into a microphone. It is also known as U.N. style. interpreting. Simultaneous interpreting is the only way to provide a running rendition of everything said in the courtroom by judge, counsel, witnesses, etc., without requiting the original speaker to stop after every sentence. Few people can interpret simultaneously at a high level of accuracy (80% or better),regardless of their ability to speak the two languages in question. Simultaneous interpretation calls for concentration, mental flexibility, and wide-ranging vocabulary in both languages. Research has shown that 23 cognitive skills are involved in simultaneous interpreting. Current neurological research reveals that interpreting draws heavily upon both left-brain and right-brain functions.
Consecutive interpreting involves a pause between language conversions: first the interpreter listens to the entire original phrase or passage, then interprets it into the other language. This mode is used for Q&A of non-English speaking witnesses, and requires more waiting time. It is important for the interpreter not to be seen whispering to the witness, for that would convey intimacy or collusion to the jury. It is equally import
A．it requires more concentration than usual
B．it converts information to another
C．people work alone to accomplish it
D．it require more skills and education
