首页 > 医卫考试> 健康知识

网友您好，请在下方输入框内输入要搜索的题目：

请输入或粘贴题目内容搜题

搜题

拍照、语音搜题，请扫码下载APP

题目内容（请给出正确答案）

[单选题]

The obesity epidemic has gone ___.

A.global

B.globalize

C.globe

D.globalization

答案

查看答案

发布时间：2022-07-17

更多“The obesity epidemic has gone ___.”相关的问题

第1题

According to Michael Symonds, one factor contributing to the obesity epidemic is decrea

se of ___________.

点击查看答案

第2题

As physical exercise declines and diet expands, ______.A．other western countries has been

As physical exercise declines and diet expands, ______.

A．other western countries has been defeated by fat

B．obesity has become an epidemic(流行病)of the rich world

C．waistbands begin to be popular in other western countries

D．western countries can no longer fight against obesity

点击查看答案

第3题

Obesity Epidemic Ask anyone why there is an obesity epidemic and they will say that it's a

Obesity Epidemic

Ask anyone why there is an obesity epidemic and they will say that it's all down to eating too much and burning too few calories. That is undoubtedly true. But it's also true that we live in an "obesogenic (肥胖基因的) environment": calorific food is plentiful and cheap and our lifestyles are increasingly sedentary.

Now, obesity researchers are increasingly dissatisfied with such explanations. They believe that something else must have changed in our environment to cause such dramatic rises in obesity over the past 40 years or so. Nobody is saying that the "big two" -- reduced physical activity and increased availability of food -- are not important contributors to the epidemic. But they cannot explain it all.

Earlier this year a review paper by 20 obesity experts set out the 9 most plausible alternative explanations for the epidemic. Here they are.

Not Enough Sleep

It is widely believed that sleep is for the brain, not the body. Could a shortage of shut-eye also be helping to make us fat？

Several large epidemiological studies suggest there may be a link. People who sleep less than 7 hours a night tend to have a higher body mass index (BMI) than people who sleep more, according to data gathered by the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Similarly, the US Nurses Health Study found that those who slept an average of 5 hours a night gained more weight during the study period than those who slept 6 hours, who in turn gained more than those who slept 7.

It's well known that obesity impairs sleep, so perhaps people get fat first and sleep less afterwards. But the nurses' study suggests that it can work in the other direction too: sleep loss may cause weight gain. One factor that could be at work here is the way sleep deprivation alters metabolism (新陈代谢). Leptin, the hormone that signals satiety (过饱), falls while ghrelin, which signals hunger, rises -- and this boosts appetite.

Climate Control

There's no denying that surrounding temperatures have changed in the past few decades. In the US, the changes have been at the other end of the thermometer as the proportion of homes with air conditioning rose from 23 to 47 per cent between 1978 and 1997. In the southern states -- where obesity rates tend to be highest -- the number of houses with air con has shot up to 70 per cent from 37 per cent in 1978.

Could air conditioning in summer and heating in winter really make a difference to our weight？ Sadly, there is some evidence that it does -- at least with regard to heating.

Less Smoking

Bad news: smokers really do tend to be thinner than the rest of us, and quitting really does pack on the pounds, though no one is sure why. It probably has something to do with the fact that nicotine is an appetite suppressant and appears to up your metabolic rate.

Katherine Flegal and colleagues at the US National Center for Health Statistics in Hyattsville, Maryland, have calculated that people kicking the habit have been responsible for a small but significant portion of the US epidemic of fatness. From data collected around 1991 by the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, they worked out that people who had quit in the previous decade were-much more likely to be overweight than smokers and people who had never smoked. Among men, for example, nearly half of quitters were Overweight compared with 37 per cent of nonsmokers and only 28 per cent of smokers.

Prenatal Effects

Your chances of becoming fat may be set, at least in part, before you are even born. Children of

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

点击查看答案

第4题

Supersize SurpriseAsk anyone why there is an obesity epidemic and they will tell you that

Supersize Surprise

Ask anyone why there is an obesity epidemic and they will tell you that it's all down to eating too much and burning too few calories. That explanation appeals to common sense and has dominated efforts to get to the root of the obesity epidemic and reverse it. Yet obesity researchers are increasingly dissatisfied with it. Many now believe that something else must have changed in our environment to precipitate (促成) such dramatic rises in obesity over the past 40 years or so. Nobody is saying that the "big two"--reduced physical activity and increased availability of food--are not important contributors to the epidemic, but they cannot explain it all.

Earlier this year a review paper by 20 obesity experts set out the 7 most plausible alternative explanations for the epidemic. Here they are.

1. Not enough sleep

It is widely believed that sleep is for the brain, not the body. Could a shortage of shut-eye also be helping to make us fat？

Several large-scale studies suggest there may be a link. People who sleep less than 7 hours a night tend to have a higher body mass index than people who sleep more, according to data gathered by the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Similarly, the US Nurses' Health Study, which tracked 68,000 women for 16 years, found that those who slept an average of 5 hours a night gained more weight during the study period than women who slept 6 hours, who in turn gained more than those who slept 7.

Although getting figures is difficult, it appears that we really are sleeping less. In 1960 people in the US slept an average of 8.5 hours per night. A 2002 poll by the National Sleep Foundation suggests that the average has fallen to under 7 hours, and the decline is mirrored by the increase in obesity.

2. Climate control

We humans, like all warm-blooded animals, can keep our core body temperatures pretty much constant regardless of what's going on in the world around us. We do this by altering our metabolic (新陈代谢) rate, shivering or sweating. Keeping warm and staying cool take energy unless we are in the "thermo-neutral zone", which is increasingly where we choose to live and work.

There is no denying that ambient temperatures (环境温度) have change in the past few decades. Between 1970 and 2000, the average British home warmed from a chilly 13℃ to 18℃. In the US, the changes have been at the other end of the thermometer as the proportion of homes with air conditioning rose from 23% to 47% between 1978 and 1997. In the southern states--where obesity rates tend to be highest--the number of houses with air conditioning has shot up to 70% from 37% in 1978.

Could air conditioning in summer and heating in winter really make a difference to our weight？ Sadly, there is some evidence that it does--at least with regard to heating. Studies show that in comfortable temperatures we use less energy.

3. Less smoking

Bad news: smokers really do tend to be thinner than the rest of us, and quitting really does pack on the pounds, though no one is sure why. It probably has something to do with the fact that nicotine (尼古丁) is an appetite suppressant and appears to up your metabolic rate.

A．Effects of obesity on people's health.

B．The link between lifestyle. and obesity.

C．New explanations for the obesity epidemic.

D．Possible ways to combat the obesity epidemic.

点击查看答案

第5题

Supersize surprise Ask anyone why there is an obesity epidemic and they will tell you tha

Supersize surprise

Ask anyone why there is an obesity epidemic and they will tell you that it’s al down to eating too much and burning too few calories. That explanation appeals to common sense and has dominated efforts to get to the root of the obesity epidemic and reverse it/ yet obesity researchers are increasingly dissatisfied with it. Many now believe that something else must have changed in our environment to precipitate(促成) such dramatic rises in obesity over the past 40 years or so. Nobody is saying that the “big two” – reduced physical activity and increased availability of food – are not important contributors to the epidemic, but they cannot explain it all.

Earlier this year a review paper by 20 obesity experts set out the 7 most plausible alternative explanations for the epidemic. Here they are.

1. Not enough sleep

It is widely believed that sleep is for the brain, not the body. Could a shortage of shut-eye also be helping to make us fat？

Several large-scale studies suggest there may be a link. People who sleep less than 7 hours a night tend to have a higher body mass index than people who sleep more, according to data gathered by the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Similarly, the US Nurses’ Health Study, which tracked 68,000 women for 16 years, found that those who slept an average of 5 hours a night gained more weight during the study period than women who slept 6 hours, who in turn gained more than whose who slept 7.

It’s well known that obesity impairs sleep, so perhaps people get fat first and sleep less afterwards. But the nurses’ study suggests that it can work in the other direction too: sleep loss may precipitate weight gain.

2. Climate control

We humans, like all warm-blooded animals, can keep our core body temperatures pretty much constant regardless of what’s going on in the world around us. We do this by altering our metabolic(新陈代新的) rate, shivering or sweating. Keeping warm and staying cool take energy unless we are in the “thermo-neutral zone”, which is increasingly where we choose to live and work.

There is no denying that ambient temperatures(环境温度) have changed in the past few decades. Between 1970 and 2000, the average British home warmed from a chilly 13C to 18C. In the US, the changes have been at the other end of the thermometer as the proportion of homes with air conditionings rose from 23% to 47% between 1978 and 1997. In the southern states – where obesity rates tend to be highest – the number of houses with air conditioning has shot up to 71% from 37% in 1978.

Could air conditioning in summer and heating in winter really make a difference to our weight？

Sadly，there is some evidence that it does-at least with regard to heating. Studies show that in comfortable temperatures we use less energy.

3.Less smoking

Bad news: smokers really do tend to be thinner than the rest of us,and quitting really does pack on the pounds, though no one isn sure why. It probably has something to do with the fact that nicotine is an appetite suppressant and appears to up your metabolic rate.

Katherine Flegal and colleagres at the US National Center for Health Statistics in Hyattsville,Maryland, have calculated that people kicking the habit have been respousible for a small but significant portion of the US epidemic of fatness.From data collected aroud 1991 by the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey,they worked out that people who had quit in the previous decade were much more likely to be overweight than smokers and people who had never smoked .Among men, for example, nearly half of quitters were overweight compared with 37% of non-smokers and only 28%of smokers.

4. Genetic effects

Yours chances of becoming fat may be set,at least in part,before you were even born.children of boese mothers are much more likely to become obest themselves later in life.Offspring of mice fed a high-fat diet during pregnancy are much more likely to become fat than the offspring of identical mice fed a normal diet. Intriguingly,the effect persists for two or three generations.Grand-children of mice fed a high-fat diet grow up fat even if their own mother is fed normally-so you fate may have been sealed even before you were conceived.

5.A little older…

Some groups of people just happen to be fatter than others.surveys carried out by the US national center for health statisties found that adults aged 40 to 79 were around three times as likely to be obese as younger people.non-white females also tend to fall at the fatter end of the spectreum:Mexican-american women are 30% more likely than white women to be obsess,and black women have twice the risk.

In the US,these groups account for an increasing percentage of the population.between 1970 and 2000 the US population aged 35 to 44 grew by 43%.the proportion of Hispanic-americans also grew,from under 5% to 12.5% of the population,while the proportion of black Americans increased from 11% to 12.3%.these changes may account in part for the increased prevalence of obesity.

6.mature mums

Mothers around the world are getting older.in the UK,the mean age for aving a frist child is 27.3,compared with 23.7 in 1970 .mean age at frist birth in the US has also increased, rising from 21.4 in 1970 to 24.9 in 2000.

This would be neither here nor there if it were’t for the observation that having an older mother seems to be an independent risk factor for obesity. Results from the US national heart,lung and blood institute’s study found that the odds of a child being obese increase 14% for every five extra years of their mother’s age , though why this should be so is not entirely clear.

Michael Symonds at the university of Nottingham,UK,found that first-bron children have more fat than younger ones. As family size decreases, firstbrons account for a greather share of the population. In 1964, british women gave birth to an average of 2.95 children;by 2005 that figure had fallen to 1.79. in the US in 1976, 9.6% of woman in their 40s had only one chile;in 2004 it was 17.4%. this combination of older mothers and more single children could be contributing to the obesity epidemic.

7.Like marrying like

Just as people pair off according to looks, so they do for size. Lean people are more likely to marry lean an d fat more likely to marry fat. On its own, like marrying like cannot account for any increase in obesity. But combined with others- particularly the fact that obesity is partly genetic, and that heavier people have more children-it amplifies the increase form. other causes.

1. What is the passage mainly about？

A) Effects of obesity on people’s health

B) The link between lifestyle. and obesity

C) New explanations for the obesity epidemic

D) Possible ways to combat the obesity epidemic

点击查看答案

第6题

An earlier survey identified 22 "coping" strategies that parents resorted to when they cou

ldn't sit down with their families to eat a meal that was prepared at home. These including skipping meals altogether, eating at work, eating in the car, ordering take-out on the way home from work, choosing easy and quick-fix meals to serve or overeat after a missed meal.

The 69 low-income wage earners in the first study admitted to skip meals or not eating at home because of time constraints and for financial reasons. In the current study, we found that half of the mothers and fathers surveying depended on 12 of the 22 mealtime coping strategies. We know that when people cat together as family, diets of both the parents and the children tend to be better. But often our jobs don't allow us to eat together at home as often as we'd like.

The issue is not simply a matter of what we eat, but how we eat. Long and regular work hours are a primary cause of unhealthy eating habits, and for scheduling issues can't always be avoided, there are certain workplace-based interventions that could improve the diets of many wage-earning workers. Shift employees, for example, often resort to food from vending machines (自动售货机) because their employers' cafeterias are close during off hours; keeping cafeterias open longer during off-hours could help workers to eat healthier. Having breaks to ensure that employees eat regularly would be other helpful intervention. We hope that by quantifying the nutritional impact of on-the-job constraints. It might finally prompt employers to make some workplace changes. We are not going to fix the obesity epidemic simply by telling people to eat well and choose good food. This study is telling us that it is the structure of our lives what makes it very difficult to do what doctors recommend.

(63)

点击查看答案

第7题

A new study found that inner-city kids living in neighborhoods with more green space gaine

d about 13% less weight over a two-year period than kids living amid more concrete and fewer trees. Such 【C1】______ tell a powerful story. The obesity epidemic began in the 1980s, and many people 【C2】______ it to increased portion sizes and inactivity, but that can't be everything. Fast foods and TVs have been 【C3】______ us for a long time. "Most experts agree that the changes were 【C4】______ to something in the environment," says social epidemiologist Thomas Glass of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. That something could be a 【C5】______ of the green.

The new research, 【C6】______ in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine, isn't the first to associate greenery with better health, but it does get us closer 【C7】______ identifying what works and why. At its most straightforward, a green neighborhood 【C8】_____ means more places for kids to play—which is 【C9】______ since time spent outdoors is one of the strongest correlates of children's activity levels. But green space is good for the mind 【C10】______ ;research by environmental psychologists has shown that it has cognitive 【C11】______ for children with attention-deficit disorder. In one study, just reading 【C12】______ in a green setting improved kids' symptoms.

【C13】______ to grassy areas has also been linked to 【C14】______ stress and a lower body mass index (体重指数) among adults. And an 【C15】______ of 3,000 Tokyo residents associated walkable green spaces with greater longevity (长寿) among senior citizens.

Glass cautions that most studies don't 【C16】______ prove a causal link between greenness and health, but they're nonetheless helping spur action. In September the U. S. House of Representatives 【C17】______ the delightfully named No Child Left Inside Act to encourage public initiatives aimed at exposing kids to the outdoors.

Finding green space is not 【C18】______ easy, and you may have to work a bit to get your family a little grass and trees. If you live in a suburb or a city with good parks, take 【C19】______ of what's there. Your children in particular will love it—and their bodies and minds will be 【20】______ to you.

【C1】

A．findings

B．theses

C．hypotheses

D．abstracts

点击查看答案

第8题

The AIDS epidemic is worse in American cities than in African cities.A．YB．NC．NG

The AIDS epidemic is worse in American cities than in African cities.

A．Y

B．N

C．NG