During the 1980s, unemployment(失业人数) and underemployment(不充分就业) in some countries - 赤豆云问答

第1题

At the Kyoto conference on global warming in December 1997, it became abundantly clear how

complex it has become to work out international agreements relating to the environment because of economic concerns unique to each country. It is no longer enough to try to forbid certain activities or to reduce emissions of certain substances. The global challenges of the interlink between the environment and development increasingly bring us to the core of the economic life of states. During the late 1980s we were able, through international agreements, to make deep cuts in emissions harmful to the ozone layer. These reductions were made possible because substitutions had been found for many of the harmful chemicals and, more important, because the harmful substances could be replaced without negative effects on employment and the economies of states.

Although the threat of global warming has been known to the world for decades and all countries and leaders agree that we need to deal with the problem, we also know that the effects of measures, especially harsh measures taken in some countries, would be nullified(无效的) if other countries do not control their emissions. Whereas the UN team on climate change has found that the emissions of carbon dioxide would have to be cut globally by 60% to stabilize the content of CO2 in the atmosphere, this path is not feasible for several reasons. Such deep cuts would cause a breakdown of the world economy. Important and populous low-income or medium-income countries are not yet willing to undertake legal commitments about their energy uses. In addition, the state of world technology would not yet permit us to make such a big leap.

We must, however, find a solution to the threat of global warming early in the 21st century. Such a commitment would require a degree of shared vision and common responsibilities new to humanity. Success lies in the force of imaginations, in imagining what would happen if we fail to act. Although many living in cold regions would welcome the global-warming effect of a warmer summer, few would cheer the arrival of the subsequent tropical diseases, especially where there had been none.

It can be inferred that since the Kyoto conference, we find ______.

A．global warming problem is closely related to economy development

B．global warming has produced various economy problems around the world

C．different countries have different views on the effect of global warming

D．global warming has greatly affected the worldwide economy development

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第2题

During the 1980s, unemployment and underemployment in some countries was as high as 90 per

cent. Some countries did not【C1】______enough food; basic needs in housing and clothing were not【C2】______. Many of these countries looked to the industrial processes of the developed nations【C3】______solutions.

【C4】______, problems cannot always be solved by copying the industrialized nations. Industry in the developed nations is highly automated and very【C5】______. It provides fewer jobs than laborintensive industrial processes, and highly【C6】______workers are needed to【C7】______and repair the equipment. These workers must be trained,【C8】______many nations do not have the necessary training institutions. Thus, the【C9】______of importing industry becomes higher. Students must be sent abroad to【C10】______vocational and professional training.【C11】______, just to begin training, the students must【C12】______learn English, French, German, or Japanese. The students then spend many years abroad, and【C13】______do not return home.

All nations agree that science and technology【C14】______be shared. The point is, countries【C15】______the industrial processes of the developed nations need to look carefully【C16】______the costs, because many of these costs are【C17】______. Students from these nations should【C18】______the problems of the industrialized countries closely.【C19】______care, they will take home not the problems of science and technology,【C20】______the benefits.

【C1】

A．generate

B．raise

C．produce

D．manufacture

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第3题

听力原文：To get us started this semester, I'm going to spend the first two classes giving

听力原文： To get us started this semester, I'm going to spend the first two classes giving you background lectures about some basic cinematic concepts. Once you are a little more familiar with basic film terminology, we will be ready to look at the history of movies in the United States. You will be expected to attend showings of films on Tuesday evening at 7 o'clock at Jennings Auditorium, that's our lab. Then during our Wednesday seminar, we will discuss in depth the movie we saw the night before. We're not covering silent movies in this course. We will begin with the first talking motion picture, The Jazz Singer, released in 1927. The next week we'll be looking at The Gold Digger of 1933, a piece that is very representative of the escapist trend in films released during the Depression. Some of the films we will be watching will probably be new to you, like Frank Capra's Why We Fight. Others you might have already seen on TV, like Rebel Without a Cause starring James Deane, or Stanley Cooper's Doctor's Strange Love. However, I hope you will see even familiar films with new eye. In the last three weeks of the course, we will be watching films from the 1980s, and you will choose one of them as the subject for an extensive written critique. We will talk more about the requirements of the critique later in the semester.

(33)

A．To look at the history of movies in the United States.

B．Arrangement for the movie course.

C．Looking at The Gold Digger of 1933.

D．Watching Frank Capra's Why We Fight.

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第4题

听力原文：Gates was born and brought up in Seattle. At the age of 14, he founded a computer

听力原文： Gates was born and brought up in Seattle. At the age of 14, he founded a computer programming company with three friends, and they had earned ＄ 20,000 by selling their traffic-counting system to local governments. In 1975, he dropped out of his law course at Harvard to found the Microsoft Software Company in Washington. Gates' domination of the emerging computer industry began in 1980-1981, when he devised an operating system and licensed it to IBM. MS-DOS became the standard operating system for nearly all IBM personal computers. During the 1980s, Microsoft also developed more specialized software. When the company went public in 1986, Gates became a multimillionaire at the age of 31. Five years later, he was ranked as the world's richest man. In the 1990s, Gates made a fresh fortune from sales of windows, a system that enables a computer to be operated with on-screen symbols rather than complex keyboard commands. A revised was launched amid huge publicity in 1995.

(23)

A．He sold traffic-counting system to local governments.

B．He dropped out of his law course at Harvard University.

C．He founded his own company--Microsoft Software company.

D．He devised an operating system for IBM.

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第5题

听力原文：Women often used the term "secondary handicapped" to describe short men in the pa

st. Nowadays, this wonting has long been out of use. Research done by Peking University has proved that between 1985 and 2000, Chinese women have become more and more practical in choosing their partners. The height and appearance of men are seldom mentioned.

A sample investigation made by people including Qian Mingyi, psychology professor and director of doctoral candidates on the advertisements for partners in the magazine Women of China from 1985 to 2000 shows that in terms of physiological conditions, age, which was number 1 in 1985 and 1995, is an important criterion for women in choosing their partners. However, women have been less strict about men's height year by year and their requirements on their appearance to the 10th place. Women now care more about the personal, social and economic conditions of men. However, women have always valued the health of their partners and this has not changed much during the 15 years.

In terms of social and economic conditions, during the 15 years, the rate of mention women's requirements on the job and educational experience of their partners has been falling, but the requirement on career rose from the 9th place in 1985 to second place by the end of 1990s. The changes of criteria on partners are a reflection of the political, economic and cultural changes in society. According to experts' analyses, in early 1980s, educational experience and job represented the income level of an individual, while in late 1990s, with diversified channels of income and increasingly frequent occupational differentiation, educational experience and job could not directly indicate one's income. Comparatively, the elements of career, social and economic status are more relevant. Men with high achievement in terms of career are more attractive to women and quality of life after marriage can be better ensured.

(33)

A．Vertically handicapped.

B．Short.

C．Secondary handicapped.

D．Height challenged.

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第6题

One of the three major commercial networks,CBS were organized in 1928 when its founder Wil

One of the three major commercial networks,

CBS were organized in 1928 when its founder William 【M1】___________.

Paley acquired ownership of a group of radio station. 【M2】___________.

As the Columbia Broadcasting System expanded its

operations, soon become the largest radio network in the 【M3】___________.

United States, it precociously recognized the potential

for the rapidly evolved television broadcasting 【M4】___________.

technology. On July 13th, 1931, it began experimentally 【M5】___________.

television broadcasting in New York, and ten years later

began regular black and white week broadcasts over 【M6】___________.

its WCBW TV station in the same city, that became 【M7】___________.

WCBS TV in November 1946. With Television City

in Hollywood, CBS launched the industry's first full

scale production studio.

Today CBS owns television stations, radio stations,

and home video productions and distribution interests.

The CBS Broadcasting Group composed of six 【M8】___________.

divisions: television network, entertainment, sports,

news, local television stations, and radio.

For most of commercial television history, CBS

has been the leader in prime time ratings, having the

highest rated shows in almost every year from the

mid-1950s through the mid-1980s. During the late

1980s, however, CBS lost its top position from NBC. 【M9】___________.

CBS has traditionally been strong in the TV

news area. The network began the first regular TV news

program in 1948 with Douglas Edwards as anchor.

Journalism legends such as Edward R. Murrow and

Walter Cronkite, gave CBS its reputation as quality 【M10】___________.

news broadcaster.

【M1】

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第7题

听力原文：If you live in a city in North America or Europe, you have probably never thought

听力原文： If you live in a city in North America or Europe, you have probably never thought much about water. Whenever you need some, you turn on the tap and there it is. Millions of people in other parts of the world are not so lucky. (29)They have trouble getting enough clean water tot their basic needs. This situation may. soon become common all around the world, scientists believe. In fact, they say that the lack of clean water may be one of the biggest issues in the twenty-first century.

The reasons for this are clear. (30)On the one hand, people are using more water than ever before. Over the last fifty years, the population of the world has more than doubled. So has the demand for water, for home use, for farming, and for industry. (30)On the other hand, supplies of clean water are disappearing. Many sources of surface water such as rivers, lakes, and streams—are too polluted and unhealthy for use as drinking water. This has forced more and more people to drill wells so they can get water from underground.

There are enormous amounts of water deep underground in lakes called aquifers. Until recently, scientists believed this groundwater was safe from pollution. Then, in 1980s, people in the United States began to find chemicals in their well water, and scientists took a closer look at what was happening. Weldon Spring, Missouri, for example, was the site of a bomb factory during World War Ⅱ. The factory was destroyed after the war, but poisonous chemicals remained on the ground. Very slowly, (31) theses chemicals dripped down through the ground and into the aquifer. Once they did, however, the water from that aquifer was no longer drinkable.

(30)

A．Pollution problems.

B．Water supplies around the world.

C．An industrial site in Missouri.

D．Groundwater pollution.

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第8题

Questions are based on the following passage． Young people always suffer in recessions. E

Questions are based on the following passage．

Young people always suffer in recessions. Employers stop （1） them; and theyoften get rid of new recruits because they are easier to sack. But during the （2） recessionsin the 1970s，1980s， and 1990s， older workers also got fired. This time is different. Duringthe financial crisis in 2008， and since， older people have done better than other age groups.

The researchers （3 ）on movements in "non-employment" as a share of the totalpopulation in three age groups between the final quarters of 2007 and 2012. Whereas theaverage non-employment rate in the OECD （经济合作与发展组织） countries has risenby （4）% among young people and by 1.5% among 25- to 54-year-olds， it has 4 by 2%among the 55-64 age group.

Why have older employees done so well？ Maybe the job protection mechanismhas played its role， but what has really changed is that firms now （5 ）the full costs ofgetting rid of older staff.

Nowadays， older workers are healthier than they used to be and work isless（6）demanding.

They are also more（7） to employers than prior generations for they have receivedbetter education.

Old workers now also have a sharper （8） to stay in employment because ofthe impact of the crisis on wealth. Many will argue that older workers have done betterat the（9） of the young. This is wrongheaded （执迷不悟的） . First， it is a false beliefthat a job gained for one person is a job lost for another. Second， young and old people areby and large not substitute in the workplace. They do different types of work in different typesof（10）. There are plenty of things that can help the young jobless， but shunting （避开）older workers out of the workplace is not one of them.

A．attractive

B．bear

C．charge

D．energetically

E．Expense

F．Fallen

G．Focus

H．Hiring

I．Incentive

J．Occupation

K．Physically

L．Previous

M．Productive

N．profitably

O．Sector

第1题应选（）查看材料

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第9题

The National Endowment for the Arts recently released the results of its"Reading at Risk"

The National Endowment for the Arts recently released the results of its

"Reading at Risk" survey, which described the movement of the American

public away from books and literature and toward television and electronic

media. According to the survey, "reading is on the decline on every region, 【S1】 ______.

within every ethnic group, and at every educational level".

The day the NEA report released, the U.S. House, in a tie vote, upheld 【S2】 ______.

the government's right to obtain bookstore and library records under a provision

of the USA Patriot Act. The House proposal would have barred the

federal government from demand library records, reading lists, book customer 【S3】 ______.

lists and other material in terrorism and intelligence investigations.

These two events are completely unrelated to, yet they echo each other in 【S4】 ______.

the message they send about the place of books and reading in American

culture. At the heart of the NEA survey is the belief in our democratic system 【S5】______.

depends on leaders who can think critically, analyze texts and writing clearly. 【S6】______.

All of these are skills promoted by reading and discussing books and literature.

At the same time, through a provision of the Patriot Act, the leaders of our

country are unconsciously sending the message that reading may be connected

to desirable activities that might undermine our system of government rather 【S7】______.

than helping democracy flourish.

Our culture's decline in reading begin well before the existence of the 【S8】______.

Patriot Act. During the 1980s' culture wars, school systems across the country

pulled some books from library shelves because its content was deemed by 【S9】______.

parents and teachers to be inappropriate. Now what started in schools across the

country is playing itself out on a nation stage and is possibly having an impact 【S10】______.

on the reading habits of the American public.

【S1】

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第10题

1980s （19世纪80年代).（）

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During the 1980s, unemployment（失业人数) and underemployment（不充分就业) in some countries