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Most philosophers believed that human nature ________.
A．is the quality distinguishing man from other animals
B．consists of competitiveness and selfishness
C．is something partly innate and partly acquired
D．consists of rationality and undesirable behavior
答案
更多“Most philosophers believed that human nature ________.A．is the quality distinguishi”相关的问题
第1题
听力原文： As is known to all, scientists and philosophers had studied the human body and its functions from very early times. Unfortunately, many of the ideas and theories, correct and incorrect, were accepted without question for a great number of years. But by the 16th century, knowledge gained through chemical experiments was beginning to make some people think more deeply about how the human body works.
A most important medical discovery was made by William Harvey in 1628. He found out that the blood is circulated round the body in one direction only by the pumping action of the heart. It had previously been incorrectly thought that the blood moved with a backward and forward motion.
Early in the 17th century a new instrument came into use that was to open up a whole new area in the study of medical and scientific matters. This was the microscope.
The first instruments were not very efficient. They were able to magnify only a very small part of the object and this was always surrounded by rings of coloured light. Nevertheless a great step forward had been taken which was of vital importance for future research and development.
(30)
A．Scientists and philosophers bad never studied the human body and its functions.
B．Many of the ideas and theories that people used to accept were all incorrect.
C．People used to accept ideas and theories.
D．People used to accept undoubtedly many of the ideas and' theories, correct and incorrect.
第2题
听力原文： In preparing a book, I asked several successful executives to tell me what they thought students should study if they wanted to succeed in business. They listed only a few technical subjects accounting and finance, for example. But time and again, these executives identified philosophy as one of the most important areas you can study for learning how to think in a disciplined, analytical, and imaginative way.
The way that philosophy helps you see the world is no less real than its practical benefits to your career. Studying philosophy exposes you to a wide range of problems that you wouldn't meet otherwise. It simply lets you see more of the world. It stretches your imagination. It challenges you to come up with your own answers to tough issues that do not have ready-made solutions.
Studying philosophy helps you to develop insight into some of life's great puzzles and to fashion your own vision of what life is all about. As you go through life, you will be challenged all along the way to make decisions about who you are and what's important to you. Philosophy helps you develop a sense of what life is all about and where you're going.
In fact, Socrates, one of the first great philosophers, thought that philosophy is the single most important element in making our lives worthwhile. "The unexamined life," he said, "is not worth living." In Socrates' mind, at least, philosophy makes it possible for us to control our own destiny.
(33)
A．A senior executive.
B．A professor.
C．A playwright.
D．A science teacher.
第3题
More recently, this traditional view has begun to be questioned. One reason for this change was the increasing emphasis given to the historical approach to man. An examination of the history of humanity suggested that man in our epoch is so different from man in previous times that it seemed unrealistic to assume that men in every age have had in common something that can be called “human nature.” The historical approach was reinforced, particularly in the United States, by studies in the field of cultural anthropology （人类学）. The study of primitive peoples has discovered such a diversity of customs, values, feelings, and thoughts that many anthropologists arrived at the concept that man is born as a blank sheet of paper on which each culture writes its text. Another factor contributing to the tendency to deny the assumption of a fixed human nature was that the concept has so often been abused as a shield behind which the most inhuman acts are committed. In the name of human nature, for example, Aristotle and most thinkers up to the eighteenth century defended slavery. Or in order to prove the rationality and necessity of the capitalist form. of society, scholars have tried to make a case for acquisitiveness, competitiveness, and selfishness as innate （天生的） human traits. Popularly, one refers cynically to “human nature” in accepting the inevitability of such undesirable human behavior. as greed, murder, cheating and lying.
Another reason for skepticism about the concept of human nature probably lies in the influence of evolutionary thinking. Once man came to be seen as developing in the process of evolution, the idea of a substance which is contained in his essence seemed untenable. Yet I believe it is precisely from an evolutionary standpoint that we can expect new insight into the problem of the nature of man.
第31题：The traditional view of “human nature” was strongly challenged by ________.
A．the emergence of the evolutionary theory
B．the historical approach to man
C．new insight into human behavior.
D．the philosophical analysis of slavery
第4题
This is the ideal【10】______ in the education France provides【C11】______ her children. By studying this 【C12】______ we in England may learn a few things useful to ourselves, even though, perhaps indeed because, the French system is very【C13】______ from our own in its aims, its organization and its results. The French child, too, the raw material of this education, is【C14】______ the England child and differences in this material may well【C15】______ for differences in the processes employed.
The French child, boy or girl, gives one the impression of being【C16】______ more precocious (过早发育的) than the product of the【C17】______ English climate. This precocity is encouraged by his【C18】______ among adults, not in a nursery. English parents readily【C19】______ their conversation to the child's point of view and interest themselves more in his games and childish preoccupations. The English are, as regards national character, younger than the French, or, to put it another way, there is in England no deep【C20】______ between the life of the child and that of the grown man.
【C1】
A．universities
B．nations
C．societies
D．cities
第7题
A．incompatible
B．exceeding
C．instantaneous
D．eternal
第8题
The French child, boy or girl, gives one the impression of being intellectually more precocious(早熟的) than the product of the chillier English climate. This precocity is encouraged by his upbringing among adults, not in a nursery. English parents readily adapt their conversation to the child's point of view and interest themselves more in his games and childish preoccupations. The English are, as regards national character, younger than the French, or, to put it another way, there is in England no deep division between the life of the child and that of the grown man. The art of talking to children in the kind of language they understand is so much an English art that most of the French children's favorite books are translations from the English. French parents, on the other hand, do their best to develop the child's intelligence as rapidly as possible. They have little patience with childish ideas even if they do not go so far as to look upon childhood as an unfortunate but necessary prelude (序言) to adult life. Not that they need to force the child, for he usually leads himself willingly to the process, and enjoys the effect of his unexpectedly clever remarks and of his keen judgment of men and things. It is not without significance that the French mother instead of appealing to the child's heart by asking him to be good appeals to his reason by asking him to be wise. Reasonableness is looked for early in France, and the age of reason is fixed at seven years.
According to behaviorism, all human actions ______.
A．are of a great mystery
B．have no bearing on human drives
C．are supposed to be highly motivated
D．are based on stimulus and response
第9题
此题为判断题(对，错)。
第10题
