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A.performed
B.sponsored
C.coordinated
D.advocated
答案
更多“The psychologist a strong maturational theory to account for individual differences i”相关的问题
第1题
What was the writer's opinion of the psychologist？
A．He was inefficient at his job.
B．He was unhappy with his job.
C．He was unsympathetic.
D．He was very aggressive.
第2题
What is psychologist Michael Terman’s major concern？
A．Winter depressives will be addicted to using light boxes．
B．No mental patients would bother to consult psychiatrists．
C．Inferior light boxes will emit harmful ultraviolet lights．
D．Light therapy could be misused by certain mental patients．
第3题
W: You are very ambitious but I'd rather spend my college days finding out what children are interested in job as a psychologist for me.
Q: What do we learn from the conversation？
(19)
A．The man will go in for business fight after high school.
B．The woman is not happy with the man's decision.
C．Tile man wants to be a business manager.
D．The woman is working in a kindergarten.
第4题
The Science of Lasting Happiness
The day I meet Sonja Lyubomirsky, she keeps getting calls from her Toyota Prius dealer. When she finally picks up, she is excited by the news: she can buy the car she wants in two days. Lyubomirsky wonders if her enthusiasm might come across as materialism, but I understand that she is buying an experience as much as a possession. Two weeks later, in late January, the 40-year-old Lyubomirsky, who smiles often and seems to approach life with zest and good humor, reports that she is "totally loving the Prius." But will the feeling wear off soon after the new-car smell, or will it last, making a naturally happy person even more so？
The Possibility of Lasting Happiness
An experimental psychologist investigating the possibility of lasting happiness, Lyubomirsky understands far better than most of us the folly of pinning our hopes on a new car—or on any good fortune that comes our way. We tend to adapt, quickly returning to our usual level of happiness. The classic example of such "hedonic adaptation"(享乐适应) comes from a 1970s study of lottery winners, who a year after their windfall(意外横财)ended up no happier than nonwinners. Hedonic adaptation helps to explain why even changes in major life circumstances—such as income, marriage, physical health and where we live—do so little to boost our overall happiness. Not only that, but studies of twins and adoptees have shown that about 50 percent of each person's happiness is determined from birth. This "genetic set point" alone makes the happiness glass look half empty, because any upward swing in happiness seems doomed to fall back to near your baseline. "There's been a tension in the field," explains Lyubomirsky's main collaborator, psychologist Kennon M. Sheldon of the University of Missouri-Columbia. "Some people were assuming you can affect happiness if, for example, you picked the right goals, but there was all this literature that suggested it was impossible, that what goes up must come down."
The Happiness Pie
Lyubomirsky, Sheldon and another psychologist, David A. Schkade of the University of California, San Diego, put the existing findings together into a simple pie chart showing what determines happiness. Half the pie is the genetic set point. The smallest slice is circumstances, which explain only about 10 percent of people's differences in happiness. So what is the remaining 40 percent？ "Because nobody had put it together before, that's unexplained," Lyubomirsky says. But she believes that when you take away genes and circumstances, what is left besides error must be "intentional activity," mental and behavioral strategies to counteract adaptation's downward pull.
Lyubomirsky has been studying these activities in hopes of finding out whether and how people can stay above their set point. In theory, that is possible in much the same way regular diet and exercise can keep athletes' weight below their genetic set points. But before Lyubomirsky began, there was "a huge vacuum of research on how to increase happiness," she says. The lottery study in particular "made people shy away from interventions," explains eminent University of Pennsylvania psychologist Martin E. P. Seligman, the father of positive psychology and a mentor to Lyubomirsky. When science had scrutinized(细察) happiness at all, it was mainly through correlational studies, which cannot tell what came first—the happiness or what it is linked to—let alone determine the cause and effect. Finding out that individuals with strong social ties are more satisfied with their lives than loners, for example, begs the question of whether friends make us happier or whether happy people are simply likelier to seek and attract friends.
Lyubomirsky's Research
Lyubomirsky began studying happiness as a graduate student in 1989 after an intriguing conversation with her adviser, Stanford University psychologist Lee D. Ross,
A．Y
B．N
C．NG
第5题
The Science of Lasting Happiness
The day I meet Sonja Lyubomirsky, she keeps getting calls from her Toyota, Prius dealer. When she finally picks up, she is excited by the news：she can buy the car she wants in two days. Lyubomirsky wonders if her enthusiasm might come across as materialism, but I understand that she is buying an experience as much as a possession. Two weeks later, in late January, the 40-year-old Lyubomirsky, who smiles often and seems to approach life with zest and good humor, reports that she is "totally loving the Prius". But will the feeling wear off soon after the new-car smell, or will it last, making a naturally happy person even more so？
The Possibility of Lasting Happiness
An experimental psychologist investigating the possibility of lasting happiness, Lyubomirsky understands far better than most of us the folly of pinning our hopes on a new car--or on any good fortune that comes our way. We tend to adapt, quickly returning to our usual level of happiness. The classic example of such "hedonic adaptatiou" (享乐适应)comes from a 1970s study of lottery winners, who ended up no happier than nonwinners a year. after their windfall (意外横财). Hedonic adaptation helps to explain why even changes in major life circumstances--such as income, marriage, physical health and where we live--do so little to boost our overall happiness. Not only that, but studies of twins and adoptees have shown that about 50 percent of each person's happiness is determined from birth. This "genetic set point" alone makes the happiness glass look half empty, because any upward swing in happiness seems doomed to fall back to near your baseline. "There's been a tension in the field, "explains Lyubomirsky's main collaborator, psychologist Kennon M. Sheldon of the University of Missouri-Columbia. "Some people were assuming you can affect happiness if, for example, you picked the right goals, but there was all this literature that suggested it was impossible, that what goes up must come down."
The Happiness Pie
Lyubomirsky, Sheldon and another psychologist, David A. Schkade of the University of California, San Diego, put the existing findings together into a simple pie chart showing what determines happiness. Half the pie is the genetic set point. The smallest slice is circumstances, which explain only about 10 percent of people's differences in happiness. So what is the remaining 40 percent？ "Because nobody had put it together before, that's unexplained," Lyubomirsky says. But she believes that when you take away genes and circumstances, what is left besides error must be "intentional activity", mental and behavioral strategies to counteract adaptation's downward pull.
Lyubomirsky has been studying these activities in hopes of finding out whether and how people can stay above their set point. In theory, that is possible in much the same way regular diet and exercise can keep athletes' weight below their genetic set points. But before Lyubomirsky began, there was "a huge vacuum of research on how to increase happiness", she says. The lottery study in particular "made people shy away from interventions", explains eminent University of Pennsylvania psychologist Martin E. P. Seligman, the father of positive psychology and a mentor to Lyubomirsky. When science had scrutinized (细察) happiness at all, it was mainly through correlational studies, which cannot tell what came first--the happiness or what it is linked to--let alone determine the cause and effect. Finding out that individuals with strong social ties are more satisfied with their lives than loners, for example, begs the question of whether friends make us happier or whether happy people are simply like lier to seek and attract friends.
Lyubemirsky's Research
Lyubomirsky began studying happiness as a graduate student in 1989 after an intriguing conversation with her adviser, Stanford University psychologist Lee D. Ro
A．Y
B．N
C．NG
第6题
Even people who【B1】just a few hours a week on the Internet【B2】more depression and loneliness than those who logged on less【B3】, the two-year study showed. And it wasn't that people who were already feeling【B4】spent more time on the Internet, but the using the Net actually【B5】to cause the bad feelings.
Researchers are puzzling over the results,【B6】were completely contrary to their【B7】. They expected that the Net would prove socially【B8】than television, since the Net【B9】users to choose their information and to【B10】with others.
The fact that Internet use has【B11】time available for family and friends may【B12】for the drop in well-being,【B13】hypothesized(假设). Faceless, bodiless virtual communication may be less psychologically satisfying than actual【B14】, and the relationships formed through it may be【B15】. Another possibility is that exposure【B16】the wider world via the Net makes users【B17】satisfied with their lives.
"But it's important to remember this is not about the technology itself; it's about【B18】it is used," says psychologist Christine Riley of Intel, one of the study's sponsors. It really points to the need for considering social【B19】in terms of how you design applications and services【B20】technology.
【B1】
A．took
B．spent
C．cost
D．paid
第7题
We are born liking sweet tastes and disliking bitter ones.【C6】______ we learn other fondnesses and aversions. Psychologist Paul of the University of Pennsylvania assumed that we【C7】______ these things from our parents. But when he 【C8】______ the first survey on food preferences within families, he was【C9】______ to find he was wrong. Parents were proved to have no【C10】______ effect on their children's likes and dislikes or desire to try new foods.【C11】______ he concluded that cultural background is the single most powerful influence on our tastes because it 【C12】______ us to certain combinations of foods and flavors. Americans are familiar with salmon poached or broiled and【C13】______ with lemon, while the Japanese eat it raw and garnished with ginger.
But in a recent interview, Paul was quick to point to the 【C14】______ in his theory: "There's a lot of【C15】______ in tastes within nationalities." To be sure, not all Japanese like【C16】______ salmon, and many Americans have 【C17】______ their cultural bias against raw fish and now enjoy it. Individual food【C18】______ , Paul believes, "are【C19】______ .If you get sick on something once, you're not【C20】______ to eat it again."
【C1】
A．while
B．and
C．or
D．when
第8题
As hard as【C5】______may be, sit back and chill, experts advise. Though you've got to get them to do it,【C6】______helping too much, or even examining【C7】______too carefully, you may keep them【C8】______doing it by themselves. "I wouldn't advise a parent to check every【C9】______assignment," says psychologist John Rosemond, author of Ending the Tough Homework. There's a【C10】______of appreciation for trial and error, let your children【C11】______the grade they deserve.
Many experts believe parents should gently look over the work of younger children and ask them to rethink their【C12】______. But "you don't want them to feel it has to be【C13】______." she says. That's not to say parents should【C14】______homework first, they should monitor how much homework their kids【C15】______. "Thirty minutes a day in the early elementary years and an hour in【C16】______four, five, and six is standard, "says Rosemond ,"For junior-high students it should be【C17】______more than a hour and a half, and two for high school students. "If your child【C18】______has more homework than this. You may want to check【C19】______other parents and then talk to the teacher about【C20】______assignments.
【C1】
A．very
B．exact
C．right
D．schools
第9题
M: Hmmm, interesting. Actually, I could never understand modern art. It's so abstract.
W: I happen to know a little bit about this type of art. The artists were motivated by the ideas of that time. Their works reflected how they made sense of the society around them.
M: Please tell me about the one on the wall. I don't understand it at all. It looks like a bunch of splashes of paint to me.
W: Actually, it is, and that's exactly what this particular artist intended to do. He placed the canvas on his studio floor and poured paint on it very quickly.
M: (Chuckling) I could have told you that] But why would he do that？
W: In the fifties, many artists were interested in psychological theories. They believed that most paintings were directed by the conscious mind, and they wanted to avoid that. By painting with accelerated speeds, they hoped to use the unconscious mind. By painting quickly, they felt that they were forcing their unconscious minds to make instant, intuitive decisions about the color. They believed that logical, deliberate decisions would interfere with the free flow of images and ideas. These artists believed that their work was more honest using this method and they believed that honest work was most important.
M: Thank you for telling me this. I always wondered why they painted this way. Modern art makes a lot more sense to me when I know the ideas behind it.
(23)
A．In a studio.
B．In a gallery
C．In an art supply store
D．In a psychologist's office.
第10题
Much of eye behavior. is so【B7】that we react to it only on the intuitive level. The next time you have a【B8】with someone who makes you feel liked, notice what he does with his eyes.【B9】are he looks at you more often than is usual with【B10】a little longer than the normal. You interpret this as a sign—a polite one—【B11】he is interested in you as a person【B12】than just in the topic of conversation. Probably you also feel that he is both【B13】and sincere.
All this has been demonstrated in elaborate【B14】. Subjects sit and talk in the psychologist's laboratory,【B15】of the fact that their eye behavior. is being【B16】from a one-way vision screen. In one fairly typical experiment,【B17】were induced to cheat while performing a task, then were【B18】and observed. It was found that those who had【B19】met the inter viewer's eyes less often than was 【B20】, an indication that "shifty eyes"—to use the mystery writers' stock phrase—can actually be a tip-off to an attempt to deceive or to feelings of guilt.
【B1】
A．friend
B．foreigner
C．passerby
D．stranger
