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[主观题]

In order to argue against Dr. Suddendorf, some comparative psychologists have been conduct

ing experiments to prove animals can ______.

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发布时间：2020-11-05

更多“In order to argue against Dr. Suddendorf, some comparative psychologists have been conduct”相关的问题

第1题

The author states "politicians assert but not argue" at the end of Paragraph 3 in order to

suggest that politicians ______.

A．enjoy explaining the issues to broadcasters

B．take stronger positions on issues than in the past

C．make claims without providing reasons for the claims

D．dislike having to explain their own positions on issues to citizens

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第2题

The author states "politicians assert but do not argue" at the end of Paragraph 3 in order

to suggest that politicians ______.

A．make claims without providing reasons for the claims

B．take stronger positions on issues than in the past

C．enjoy explaining the issues to broadcasters

D．dislike having to explain their own positions on issues to citizens

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第3题

Passage Two A hundred years ago it was assumed and scientifically “proved” by economists

that the laws of society made it necessary to have a vast army of poor and jobless people in order to keep the economy going. Today, hardly anybody would dare to voice this principle. It is generally accepted that nobody should be excluded from the wealth Western industrialized countries, a system of insurance has been introduced which guarantees everyone a minimum of subsistence (生活维持费) in case of unemployment, sickness and old age. I would go one step further and argue that, even if these conditions are not present, everyone has the right to receive the means to subsist (维持生活), in other words, he can claim this subsistence minimum without having to have any “reason”. I would suggest, however, that it should be limited to a definite period of time, let’s say two years, so as to avoid the encouraging of an abnormal attitude which refused any kind of social obligation.

This may sound like a fantastic proposal, but so, I think, our insurance system would have sounded to people a hundred years ago. The main objection to such a scheme would be that if each person were entitled to receive minimum support, people would not work. This assumption rests on the fallacy of the inherent laziness in human nature, actually, aside from abnormally lazy people, there would be very few who would not want to earn more than the minimum, and who would prefer to do nothing rather than work.

However, the suspicions against a system of guaranteed subsistence minimum are not groundless, from the standpoint of those who want to use ownership of capital for the purpose of forcing others to accept the work conditions they offer. If nobody were forced to accept work in order not to starve, work would have to be sufficiently interesting and attractive to induce one to accept it. Freedom of contract is possible only if both parties are free to accept and reject it; in the present capitalist system this is not the case.

But such a system would not only be the beginning of real freedom of contract between employers and employees, its principal advantage would be the improvement of freedom in inter-personal relationships in every sphere of daily life.

第6题：People used to think that poverty and unemployment were due to ________.

A) the slow development of the economy

B) the poor and jobless people’s own faults

C) the lack of responsibility on the part of society

D) the large number of people who were not well-educated

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第4题

Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage. The question of whether war is inev

itable is one which has concerned many of the world’s great writers. Before considering this question, it will useful to introduce some related concepts. Conflict, defined as opposition among social entities directed against one another is distinguished from competition, defined as opposition among social entities independently striving for some thing which is in inadequate supply. Competitors may not be aware of one another, while the parties to a conflict are. Conflict and vice of one another.

Opposition is thus contrasted with cooperation, the process by which social entities function in the service of one another. These definitions are necessary because it is important to emphasize that competition between individuals or groups is inevitable in a world of limited resources, but conflict is not. Conflict, nevertheless, is very likely to occur, and is probably an essential and desirable element of human societies.

Many authors have argued for the inevitability of war from the premise that in the struggle for existence among animal species, only the fittest survive. In general, however this struggle in nature’s competition, not conflict. Social animals, such as monkeys and cattle, fight to win or maintain leadership of the group. The struggle for existence occurs not in such fights but in the competition for limited feeding areas and for the occupancy of areas free from meet-eating animals. Those who fail in competition starve to death or become victims to other species. This struggle for existence does not resemble human war, but rather the competition of individuals for jobs, markets, and materials. The essence of the struggle is the competition for the necessities of life that are insufficient to satisfy all.

Among nations there is competition in developing resources trades, skills, and a satisfactory way of life. The successful nations grow and prosper; the unsuccessful decline. While it is true that this competition may induce efforts to expand territory at the expense of others, and thus lead to conflict, it cannot be said that war-like conflict among nations is inevitable, although competition is.

第26题：In the first paragraph, the author gives the definitions of some term in order to ________.

A) argue for the similarities between and human societies

B) smooth out the conflicts in human societies

C) distinguish between two kinds of opposition

D) summarize the that characteristic features of opposition and cooperation

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第5题

There are few governments who are prepared to argue against the idea of sustainable develo

pment.

A．Y

B．N

C．NG